Good afternoon, my reader. It is sometimes impossible to set up a good orchard due to the high cost of seedlings. The easiest way is, using the grafting method, to grow fruit trees of the desired varieties, rejuvenate adult plants, adjust the ripening time, increase yield and frost resistance.
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Why are trees grafted?
Grafting is one of the methods of propagation of cultivated plants that allows you to preserve varietal characteristics. An uncomplicated procedure does not always give positive results if it is applied to a stone fruit culture (cherry, sweet cherry, apricot, plum).
Cuttings (grafts) of these trees take root less well on seedlings (rootstock), in contrast to pome plants. However, observing agricultural techniques, it will be possible to grow 5-7 different varieties on each rootstock tree.
The easy way is copulation
The earliest vaccination is winter, which is sometimes called "table" because it is not done in the garden, but indoors. For this procedure, all the necessary material is harvested in the fall. Immediately after the leaves fall, a suitable 2-year-old seedling should be dug up, which will become the stock.
It is desirable that the roots of a young tree are sufficiently developed. They are cleaned from the ground, washed and treated with a solution of potassium permanganate. Then the seedlings are laid horizontally in containers (boxes) of suitable size. The root system is sprinkled with wet sand (sawdust) and covered with plastic wrap.
Containers with blanks are taken out into a room with high humidity and air temperature from 0 ° C to +3 ° C. Scion is also stored under similar conditions until the end of winter, which is also harvested in late autumn.
To do this, one-year-old shoots with a length of 30-50 cm with a diameter of about 10-15 cm are cut from the desired crops. Several cuttings of 14-15 cm are cut from each shoot. In this case, the diameter of the stem of the rootstock and the scion should be approximately the same.
At the end of winter, seedlings and cuttings are brought into a warm room. The stem of the stock and scion is cut at an oblique angle. Then the cutting is combined with the seedling so that they perfectly match at the cut.
The section of the connection is wrapped with a film (electrical tape). The grafted trees are again sent to storage in a cool room. It is important to ensure that the sand (sawdust) in the boxes is always moist. With the onset of warmth, the plants are planted in open ground.
Budding
The method that is most often used in nurseries is budding - inoculation with an "eye" (kidney). This method has a number of advantages. For him, 1-2 cuttings are sufficient, since at least 4-5 buds can be extracted from each. In addition, it is permissible to reuse the stock if the grafting fails the first time.
Budding is done at the height of summer, while sap flow has not stopped yet. For the scion, choose an annual cutting and a suitable seedling. On the rootstock, just above the root collar, a T-shaped incision is made with a sterile knife. Then a kidney is inserted into it, separated from the cutting (with or without a piece of bark).
The site of inoculation is tightly tied with twine and covered with garden pitch. Or simply "bandage" with electrical tape. In this case, the scion (dormant bud) must remain open.
Reproduction of varietal fruit crops by grafting seems to be an impossible mission only at first glance. By following the rules of agricultural technology, you can fill your garden with the best varieties of fruit trees.
Do you know how to get a varietal tree from a grafted wild boar?
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