Each well must have a bottom filter - a special embankment made of certain materials that purifies groundwater. It is strongly discouraged to use a well without a "natural" filter. There are many ways to create this gasket that only specialists know. Ordinary people may also be interested in how to make water clean even in an old, silted water source.
The bottom filter performs an important function in the well - it cleans the water coming from the ground from debris and foreign particles. If there is no filter in the well, then turbid water is much more likely to appear in it. In this case, the situation can reach the point that such water very quickly becomes simply unsuitable for drinking, and in some cases even for performing economic activities. You can do without a bottom filter only in cases when the well "stands" on a rock, a layer of fractured clay, or if water is guaranteed to come into it only from a natural spring. In all other cases, you need to make a filter layer. For this, it is customary to use special materials.
1. Quartz sand
The material is large enough not to make the water cloudy, but at the same time dense enough to filter out various suspensions and debris from the water. It is important to note that before using quartz sand to create a bottom filter, the sand itself must be thoroughly washed.
2. Gravel and crushed stone
You need to use river or granite gravel of medium and large fraction. In no case should a slag stone be used to create a bottom filter. It is also prohibited to use recycled or construction gravel. Crushed stone (like gravel) must be thoroughly washed before falling asleep at the bottom of the well. Also, materials need to be checked for radiation, because natural granite can decently "fade".
3. Jade
This material helps filter out debris and even helps to disinfect the water. Cleans the latter from all kinds of heavy impurities. Jadeite is extremely useful as an integral part of the bottom filter, but it has one drawback - its high cost in comparison with other materials.
4. Sea and river pebbles
A very affordable and fairly common material for creating a bottom filter. In fact, the only difference from the already mentioned gravel is that you only need to wash the pebbles once.
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5. Shungite
This material is a cross between graphite and coal. The material has found the widest application in the field of creating water filters, and therefore is suitable for creating a bottom filter. The only problem with shungite is that the material should be removed from the bottom once a year and a half and boiled. It costs a little more than ordinary rubble.
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6. Zeolite
Mineral of volcanic origin, which is also widely used in the creation of a variety of water filters. Removes heavy metals from water, helps to reduce radioactive background. The main problem is that it costs about 10-12 times more than the previously mentioned jadeite.
Continuing the topic, you can read about how to drill a well in a summer cottage on their own.
A source: https://novate.ru/blogs/130720/55286/