The invention and subsequent development of the internal combustion engine was one of the greatest achievements human engineering, which in its significance and scale is comparable to the invention of the wheel in distant past. An internal combustion engine can be powered by a wide variety of fuels, but its three main types are petroleum products such as kerosene, diesel and gasoline. If all of the above is made of "black gold", then what is the difference at all?
Hydrocarbons are a huge category of substances that are mined and produced in order to be used as fuel for powertrains that produce energy. Many tons of a wide variety of hydrocarbons are produced every day in the world. These include not only gasoline, diesel and kerosene. Hydrocarbons also include such substances that are heard by everyone as propane, methane, butane. Why is it important to know? Because all types of fuel from gas and oil contain in their chemical structure carbon - C and hydrogen - H (in fact, for which it got its name!).
From the point of view of chemistry, all hydrocarbons produced by humans differ primarily in the length of their chemical chains. That is, all these substances are simultaneously very similar and at the same time very different. Judge for yourself: CH4 is methane, C4H10 is butane, C3H11O2 is gasoline. At the same time, there are a lot of formulas for gasoline, kerosene and diesel fuel. They change (become more complex) as the grade of fuel improves. The simplest gasoline chain looks like С7Н16, and the most complex one starts with С11Н24.
Thus, the main difference between varieties and brands of fuels is the complexity of their chemical chains. If C11 gasoline is almost the limit, then kerosene chains just start from C12 and can reach values in C16. Diesel fuel has even higher C and H contents, and the structure is even more complex. All this directly stems from the way the fuel is produced. To put it in the most simple language, then: the more complex the structure, the more energy such fuel gives during combustion. True, in practice, everything is not so simple, because there are still a lot of different criteria, which depend on the cost of production and the need to adapt the fuel to specific operating conditions to the technical requirements for engines and cleanliness indicators exhaust.
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As a result, the efficiency of the fuel, the cost of its production, ease and safety of use, as well as cleanliness, come into countercurrent. All this makes mankind to this day use different grades and brands of fuel for internal combustion engines. As a result, gasoline is the easiest to produce and at the same time it turns out to be the most efficient fuel. Diesel fuel is obtained from oil after gasoline is extracted from it. In general, kerosene is much better than gasoline in terms of efficiency, but it is not so profitable to produce it, also because that it is obtained from oil in the same way as diesel fuel, not as a result of primary, but as a result of secondary processing. That is, first, in the production of kerosene, you still have to get gasoline.
Continuing the topic, read about how many liters is one barrel of oil.
A source: https://novate.ru/blogs/050121/57348/
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