1. A bit of history: why they decided to give land
The communist ideology assumed that the Soviet citizen was obliged to work for the good of the state, to take care of children and have cultural rest. The provision of people with food and consumer goods was assigned to agriculture and light industry.
The state was supposed to provide people with everything they need for their livelihoods, in particular housing. Everything that had to do with possessive instincts was nipped in the bud.
2. Might work
Industrialization under the leadership of Stalin advanced by leaps and bounds. According to some experts, the pace of economic development in the USSR was four times faster than modern Chinese. An agrarian, not very literate country became a strong industrial state. And, who knows, it is quite possible that if it were not for the war, an almost ideal power could have been created.
After the war, everything was in short supply, from food to essential goods. But this is not the most important thing, since the deficit also extended to the human resource. There was a shortage not only in specialists, but also in workers. Not only agriculture was in a state of terrible collapse, but also industry, which had not yet had time to reorganize from wartime to peacetime. The result was a terrible famine that reigned in the Soviet Union in 1946 and 1947.
3. Non-standard solution
Since the country simply could not feed its citizens, it was necessary to take radical measures. Among others, a government decree on horticulture of 02.24.1949 appeared. It said that free city, village and other land should be distributed to citizens for vegetable gardens.
People began to be given plots of land for six and twelve acres. Those that were better, and located closer to the city limits, were given to the veterans of the Great Patriotic War and the families of the victims, the leaders. The industry also received its task - it was required to establish the production of gardening tools and fertilizers. Thus, the responsibility was shifted onto the shoulders of people to partially take care of providing themselves with agricultural products on their own.
As a result, the person has a new concern. With the receipt of the land, he had no time to read the newspapers, since he had to be engaged in a vegetable garden or a "dacha", if this plot could be called that. People planned where and what to plant, what to grow seedlings, worried about weeding and the end result of their efforts - the harvest.
4. Development and formation of the dacha movement
The decision, which was quite atypical for the politics of that time, gave a positive result. Firstly, the problem with hunger that has receded has been resolved. Secondly, the risk of unrest among the population disappeared by itself, as most of the people switched to their gardens. Relief seems to have come.
In government circles, they came to the conclusion that this direction requires development. The corresponding decree was issued on December 16, 1955. With this document, the Soviet people were already allowed to build small houses on the plots, adapted for living in them in the summer.
The land began to stand out indefinitely, however, there was one condition. The one to whom the land was allocated had to work permanently at the enterprise. Among other things, the summer resident could even receive compensation for his labor and material costs associated with the move.
As for the gardening equipment, it appeared in the public domain. Citizens could easily purchase all the tools and not only rakes or boots with shovels. Enterprises and trade unions themselves also received instructions. They were supposed to help summer residents fight harmful insects and rodents, diseases of cultivated plants, if the need arises. Fertilizers, various seeds and everything that a gardener may need appeared in stores.
5. Not everything is so rosy
The state, after distributing land to its citizens for long-term use, did not even suspect that it had planted the grain of the bourgeoisie in the minds of people. People began to look for benefits and, naturally, found it. On their plots, people began to build houses with their subsequent leasing. The labor of hired workers began to be used in full in the gardens. The land was also leased and, of course, illegally. Anything that was superfluous was sold, and this business was not taxed.
It took only five years for the dacha spontaneous capitalism to become practically catastrophic. The government made the following decision - it's time to end this. Another decree was issued on 12/30/1960. The document said that it was forbidden to issue land for construction, to build country houses on the plots. In addition, the control over the use of this land was strengthened.
6. And again on the same rake
It took only 3 years and the Soviet Union again found itself in a difficult situation. This time the crisis is related to grain. We are talking about the corn campaign, the great drought and the reclamation of virgin lands. Taken together, this led to a shortage of products, the dismissal of Khrushchev from his post, grain purchases, and in the long term, and a shortage of bread. And again the threat of another famine hung over the state.
They did not bother inventing new mechanisms for solving the problem, but simply went along the familiar path. At the end of the 60s, decrees began to be issued on the further development of the gardening direction. As a result, large-scale summer cottages were formed, where the land was cut into 6 acres to everyone, without exception.
7. Why six acres - no more and no less
This area of the site was not chosen by chance. It was determined in the 50s according to the party assignment by domestic economists and agronomists. The calculation was made based on the needs of a family of four to six people. 0.06 hectares of land were able to provide such a family with the necessary agricultural products. On the site it was quite possible to plant a small number of trees and shrubs, break several beds for vegetables, strawberries, and even build a farm building in which inventory would be stored.
There was no question of growing something for sale. Nowadays, it is really possible to increase the amount of harvest even from such a miniature area, because for it has everything you need, from modern greenhouses and fertilizers to systems glaze. Then people could not even dream of it. Based on this, we can say that the calculation was made accurate - he provided himself and will be enough. There is nothing to speculate. Thus, it becomes clear that standard garden plots are a common ideology, a system that could not be broken or disrupted.
7. Back to myths
There is a legend among the people that N. WITH. Khrushchev, who wanted to advertise the Soviet model of life. That is, to show the whole world that an ordinary working person has not only an apartment, but also a house outside the city. In reality, the situation is completely different. Only due to the fact that Khrushchev was dismissed, the initiative with the distribution of land plots was retained.
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As for Khrushchev, at the peak of the grain crisis, he wanted to take away all the land from the people, not excluding the gardens and vegetable gardens. His plans were to sow everything with wheat and thus prevent the situation with the purchase of grain in other countries.
Continuing the topic read, why in the Soviet Union it occurred to people to paste wallpaper on newspapers.
Source: https://novate.ru/blogs/221220/57195/
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