If you take a walk near the railway bridge, you will notice that just before its beginning, some mysterious pair of narrow rails appears inside the track. It diverges from a small triangle and then runs parallel to the main track throughout the entire railway bridge. What is this mysterious thing and what is it for? It is quite clear that such a device was not made for beauty.
You need to start with the main and, perhaps, obvious, at least when examining the photographs in detail. There are no additional rails at all inside the railroad bed. You can see such gizmos not only on bridges, but also at crossings, at stations, near tunnels, forks, and sometimes on seemingly unremarkable sections of the railway. In fact, these are corners or, strictly speaking, counter-arguments. They perform the same function as counter rails on a railroad.
This will sound quite trivial, but the overwhelming majority of answers to the question: “Why do we need is this thing on the railroad? " comes down to one option: "To ensure traffic safety." The same goes for counter rails. More specifically, they are needed in order to prevent the carriage from jumping off the rail in a potentially dangerous place. That is why the corners are placed on the most critical sections of the railway, next to the turnouts or on sharp turns.
The counter rail prevents the car from jumping off the rail by "setting" the wheel back if it starts to jump. The counter-corner is used primarily not to save the train, but to save the railway infrastructure. If the car jumps off on a section with a corner, then it will not tip over, since its wheels will catch on a wide chute. This is especially important for heavy freight trains, especially those that travel with barrels and tanks.
Jumping off the rail of a carriage is dangerous precisely by the subsequent overturning. In this case, the jumped off car begins to pull all the others along with it, scattering or spilling its contents around the district. If this happens on the bridge, then the train is guaranteed to damage the engineering structure and may even destroy it. However, if the car jumps off the rail, but does not turn over in the future, then nothing of the described happens. The train will simply "get stuck" and stop in place.
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If you want to know even more interesting things, then you should read about why did the Chinese build a record a long track in the middle of the desert.
A source: https://novate.ru/blogs/080521/58927/
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