Modern man has long been accustomed to the fact that in any modern army in the world the rank of lieutenant is a junior officer rank. At the same time, the domestic troops have the rank of lieutenant general, which, for some mysterious reason, is one step higher than the rank of major general. Confusion arises as to why this is the case among generals, if in the pre-general officer corps the major is higher than the lieutenant. Let's try to figure it out.
The word "lieutenant" is very old. It comes from the French term "lieu tenant", which arose in the 15th century. This phrase in French comes from the Latin concept "losum tenens", which could be translated into familiar Russian as the well-known word "deputy". During the Hundred Years War, the French began to use the term "lieu tenant" in relation to the military to some commanders. Ordinance companies - to regular knightly formations that fought not for an oath to the overlord (master) within the framework of the fief militia, but for the salary. But the word "major" comes from the Latin "major" - "senior" and was perceived in the command staff as something less significant in comparison with the "deputy" of the chief chief.
Moreover, the "lieu tenant" was applied not to the main company commanders, but to their deputies or assistants. Moreover, people of completely different levels, prestige and dignity could become "lieutenants" if the situation required it. The appointment as "lieutenant" did not depend in any way on the number of people entrusted to the command. In other words, "lieu tenant" was not a military rank, but a military position. It should be recalled that, including in the modern army, occupying a position and rank are not directly dependent (although they have some limits), especially in wartime. For example, in different conditions the position of a company commander can be occupied by a major, capital, and a lieutenant, and in extreme conditions even a sergeant.
The same was the case with the concept of "lieutenant" in the old days. In the 17th century, the word also penetrated into Russia. It was first mentioned in the military treatise of 1647 "The doctrine and cunning of the military structure of infantry people." The post of "lieutenant" was brought to the native Fatherland by foreign military specialists who were hired in the West to organize the regiments of the new system. Gradually, the concept evolved from a position, and turned into a military rank as well. At the same time, up to the Revolution of 1917, the memory of the fact that the "lieutenant" was once also a position was perfectly preserved in the military environment. As a result, the ranks of generals simply evolved from different concepts. The major general was formed during the time of tsarist Russia from a combination of two military ranks, and the lieutenant general came from a military rank and a high status military position.
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If you want to know even more interesting things, then you should read about what it is. Soviet sniper - the elite of the Red Army: what they usually forget to talk about when remembering them.
A source: https://novate.ru/blogs/100721/59715/
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