1. A little about airplanes
The weight of an unloaded Boeing is over 200 tons, the Airbus A380 weighs about 560 tons. The landing speed of the aircraft is 250-280 kilometers per hour. The impact force that the landing gear receives at the moment of landing can only be imagined.
In addition to this, as a result of friction, the tires heat up to 260 degrees Celsius. Accordingly, this temperature is higher than the temperature at which the rubber melts. In addition, the tires after the plane has descended are in a “frozen” state with a temperature index of up to -30. What then is the secret of the design that allows the rubber to withstand such a crazy load every day?
2. Shock Absorbers or Miracle #1
In the liners operated in our time, special nitrogen-oil multi-chamber devices are used, which, when landing an aircraft, absorb shocks almost completely. The struts, on the other hand, prevent the vehicle from bouncing and rocking hard enough to stabilize the vehicle. The springs here are replaced by nitrogen, which is under pressure.
If the liner is too heavy, dampers are also installed on it in front, the role of which is to stabilize the car. Diagonal braces protect the structure at the moment of impact. Some of the energy they take away at an angle.
The system is very complex, but thanks to it, the chassis can withstand a powerful blow and may not respond to protrusions on the surface up to ten centimeters at a speed reaching 280 kilometers per hour. The car's tire would have been torn apart, and the pieces scattered all over the track.
Since the speed reaches 460 kilometers per hour, the design was made especially durable. This is necessary to avoid an accident in the event of emergency braking, and it happens from time to time. TU-154 in Odessa in 1988 landed at a speed of 415 kilometers per hour. Both racks and tires withstood such a load.
3. And what else...
The secret lies not only in the very complex design features of the shock absorbers. Wheels with tires in airplanes are also special. Discs are made either from an alloy of magnesium and zinc, or titanium. Fastening wheel parts is not only bolts. They, as well as rubber, are glued to ensure absolute tightness. Water should not get inside the wheel, because in the air it will turn into ice, and when landing, as a result of friction, it will boil.
For the most part, there are no cameras in an airplane tire. Special technical nitrogen is pumped inside, which will not start to burn during the friction process. A car tire is slightly oval in shape, while an aircraft tire is a perfect circle, which reduces the risk of undesirable situations during roll.
There is no pattern on the tires, there are only stripes running longitudinally. They are designed to combat hydroplaning when the lane is wet. As for the composition of the tire, it is too complicated. Composed of synthetic and natural rubber, technical special fabrics and steel.
The reinforcing components are aramid, nylon and iron cord. Aramid is a high-tech polymer with increased resistance to mechanical and thermal influences. Its commercial name is Kevlar.
This material has a tensile strength of about 550 kg/sq.mm. A similar indicator of steel is 50-150 kg/sq.mm. Kevlar is used to make fire protection and body armor. The ratio of all components is very important: an aircraft tire contains no more than fifty percent rubber, five percent metal. Everything else is high-tech materials.
The structure of the tire resembles a layer cake. First comes rubber with a thin film - a layer of aramid and nylon cords. This provides protection against chafing of the cord and from heating and breaking the cords. There is also additional insurance - the plane has several wheels: Boeing has six of them, Antey has 32. Provided that one of them bursts, the load will be redistributed to the rest.
The production of the chassis takes about six months. All metal elements are polished to a mirror state. Tire production also takes a lot of time. Despite the fact that the tire has an almost perfect design, it cannot be called durable. They have to be changed every five hundred aircraft landings. If we talk about a passenger liner, then this procedure may be needed once a year. Not in all cases, aircraft tires are completely changed (similar to car tires). Basically, restoring only the top layer is enough. The tire is capable of withstanding the next five hundred car landings.
>>>>Ideas for life | NOVATE.RU<<<<
4. Why can't you do the same for cars?
Something similar can be done for cars, especially since Kevlar was invented directly for racing cars. The problem lies elsewhere. Tires created using aircraft technologies are too expensive - 1,500-6,000 dollars one piece. Accordingly, it is unprofitable to use such expensive rubber in the case of a car. Some manufacturers add Kevlar to tires designed for the same SUVs. But in this case, the ratio of cord to rubber is not so expensive.
Continue reading on the topic why the futuristic stealth aircraft remained a demonstration model, and was not put into production.
A source: https://novate.ru/blogs/030921/60392/
IT IS INTERESTING:
1. 7 interior items that it's time to put in a trash bag and take to a landfill
2. Makarov pistol: why modern models have a black handle, if under the USSR it was brown
3. Why did revolutionary sailors wrap themselves in cartridge belts