Aphids are small damselflies insect that lives in the trees, sucking out of them all vegetable juices and causing illness. To learn how to deal with these creatures will have to learn all about the aphids.
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species
There are many species of aphids, including pests of horticultural crops, there are more than 1,500: some damage certain plants, others - omnivores. Garden pests are divided into four families:
- real - simple aphids entering into a symbiotic relationship with ants, as they receive from their sugar;
- gall - ants are not friends, but are called to plant organs malicious education, referred to as the Gauls;
- Hermes - differ in appearance and live on only in the conifers;
- Phylloxera - especially in the form of the body and substance of life, prefer vine.
All aphids have one thing: it is small (6 mm) insects that handful on the bark. Engaged mainly in the fact that the proboscis pierce the bark and suck out the juice, instead of infecting a plant virus.
Life cycle
Aphids leave eggs on the bark of the plant in the fall and spring are selected larvae. Some phylloxera able to survive the winter to hatch in more favorable conditions. The larva immediately begins to feed on tree sap and multiplies using parthenogenesis, ie. E. 1 special ability to generate hundreds of thousands of wingless females per month in 3 generations.
When the tree wakes up, food becomes more saturated, because of what has come to light winged insects, make migrations to other, already suitable for the types of plants themselves. During the summer, there is an intense nutrition and reproduction, at the end of the season creatures fly home to lay eggs there. At this time, the light appears winged males, providing sexual reproduction in the main plant, to leave more resistant to environmental conditions of the eggs.
For the successful existence of the insect takes a few trees, a short distance away from each other. Under the influence of insects plants die, and pests is gradually moving to the neighboring. The fight against aphids will avoid the death of the garden a few years after infection.
ways to deal
Confrontation aphid makes sense, as these creatures are causing harm to plants on several counts:
- trees lose energy and nutrients are being depleted;
- substances secreted by aphids, attracting ants, pests themselves serve as food for certain insects, which do not always benefit the garden;
- in addition to the absorption of energy juices and plant pests are spreading the disease, reducing the chances of survival of the tree.
Detection of aphids do not cause difficulties even for inexperienced gardener. As a result of the parasites on the leaves and bark of spots appear, is not typical of plant color, the number of fruit is reduced. Can detect and aphids itself - is small white, brown, green or reddish beads living on or within the cortex.
Options for the control of parasites:
- Trimming. Before the onset of winter it is recommended to completely remove tops - shoots coming up sharply, and root growth. These structures may comprise aphid eggs from which the spring will indicate young.
- loosening the soil. On the ground, too, may be an egg. If you dig the soil around each plant, the newborn insects will not be able to get out and start to hurt.
- The use of chemicals. If at certain intervals to spray the trees and ground special additives, the probability of breeding parasites significantly reduced.
- Cooperation. Moving in the garden area or garden enemies of aphids, which itself does not bring damage to crops: mantis ladybirds or snakefly.
- Biological neprobivaemost. Ensuring the counter by the use of non-susceptible to aphid species.
When using preventive measures and timely response to the emergence of resistance to aphid pests will be successful.
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