Initially, the horse troika in Russia was used as the main transport of the Yamskaya mail. Suffice it to say that only a car turned out to be faster than a troika on land in the history of mankind. However, today we will not talk about the history of the appearance of the "troika", but about why the two side horses always turn their heads to the right and left, depending on which side they are on.
Finding the answer to this question on the Internet will not be easy. However, most likely a person will sooner or later stumble upon one strange, but supposedly science-intensive explanation about how that horses, due to the peculiarities of their biology, turn their heads in the direction from which they start moving. In this case, a logical question arises: why, if biology is to blame, only the left and the left turn their heads the right “tow” (this is what the side horses of the troika are called), and the central horse, the “root”, looks strictly directly. She apparently starts moving with two legs at once from a jump?
In fact, with a horse troika and its harnesses, everything is extremely simple. If you look at more photos with the troika, as well as videos with her participation, it will very quickly become the truth is obvious - in fact, all horses look directly or in the direction where they are currently going traffic. However, when it comes to some kind of “special” race, the tie-downs in the three immediately begin to look right and left. This happens not because of some horse features, but because of the fashion invented by the man himself.
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The fact is that the attached bowing heads to the left and right are beautiful. More precisely, it is considered that it is beautiful. That is why the horses' heads are turned by a cabman with the help of a harness. For the horse itself, such a requirement of the owner delivers continuous discomfort. However, the horseman cannot do anything with the coercion of the harness. Some people who work with horses, including those who ride in a troika, consider this to be unacceptable and even regard such an attitude as a form of animal abuse.
In continuation of the topic, read about why do horseshoes, if in nature it manages well without them.
Source: https://novate.ru/blogs/150622/63293/