Garlic is considered a perennial herbaceous plant which possesses valuable properties. Grow is a natural remedy to his dacha easy. The main thing - to strictly follow all recommendations of the crop and seed preparation. If you follow the rules, will be able to grow garlic in the suburbs, in Belarus and even in the Trans-Baikal Territory.
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Correct timing landing spring and winter garlic
Garlic can sow in the autumn and in the spring. Specific dates are dependent on what variety was selected. This crop can have a winter or spring varieties. Both varieties are different planting dates and other characteristics. Carry out their approach and can be transplanted at different times. This also applies to the cultivation of seedlings. You can recognize them by their appearance:
- Winter varieties sown in autumn. In lobules coating has a dense skin. Inside there is a large rod, surrounded by teeth. Spring garlic thrown in open ground in early spring. His head are modest in size, soft pelt. Teeth small, arranged in a chaotic manner. Winter garlic can be eaten fresh or canned form. The shelf life of this sort short 3-4 months.
- rich taste not characteristic to spring varieties, but it differs prolonged period of storage up till the next spring season. As for the timing of planting, they depend on local climate:
If it is a garlic planting in the autumn, it is important that the teeth had time to form strong roots before the arrival of frost days. This process usually takes about one month. That is why the work should be carried out one month before the arrival of the cold. The optimal time for the end of September-beginning of October.
Spring seeding is carried out after the snow melts and ground succeeds warm to +6 degrees. Depending on the terrain it could be in April or May. Benefits of autumn and spring planting heads to determine the period of sowing garlic, it is important to bear in mind that it affects not only the process of work, but also the quality of the crop. If you plan on planting winter garlic, please note that matures it long enough, but it is suitable for human consumption up to 12 months.
Planting of spring - the guarantee of rapid germination and safe growing culture. Caring for the winter varieties implies plentiful and timely watering during the formation of the teeth. Spring varieties of garlic are not afraid of many diseases and pest infestation.
Winter garlic boasts more impressive size. If planting is carried out in the autumn, it is necessary to take into account the risk of early arrival of frost days or loss of abundant rainfall, which could lead to the destruction of crops. Autumn varieties are vulnerable to ailments.
growing technology and features planting seeds in the country
Each sowing period is different by some features that relate to the works. However, experienced growers recommend to adhere to the general rules of agricultural technology, no matter what time of planting garlic will be held:
- Before you begin planting, planting material must be calibrated. Sow in the ground have to die without defects and traces of disease.
- A common mistake made by gardeners, involves sowing of winter varieties in the spring. It is possible that the harvest will be, but the garlic is not appreciate excellent taste characteristics, and large sizes.
- To settle for a rich harvest, it is necessary to give preference to recognized varieties. It should also be familiar with all their characteristics and seeding technology.
- Every three years, it is necessary to engage in rejuvenation of sorts.
Instead, the teeth become the bulb planting. Of these, the first season of ripening odnozubki. Harvest for planting in the next season. These measures will help to upgrade the plant culture.
- For quality crop unacceptable to miss the deadline. In this case, you need to focus on the arrow that must snap. One must also know when bulbochek.
- A high yield can also be affected if the garlic regularly pluck feathers. The main rule, which should not deviate at planting garlic, implies precise deadlines.
If planting is planned in autumn, planted the seeds early inadmissible. Otherwise, they hatch ahead of time. As for the spring period, it is not necessary to delay the landing, since the head may not have time to mature.
Terms of garlic planting in open ground
To the cultivation of garlic was a success, you must correctly perform all work associated with its landing. It is important to ensure proper care of planting and time to carry out all relevant work.
Preparation of cloves seedlings
Shoots sprout together, and the harvest will be generous if to pretreat seed:
- Dried garlic cloves must be carefully disassembled on teeth, preventing damage to the dry scales.
- Then you need to sort out the seeds and leave for planting large and healthy slices.
- Before sowing in the spring time, you can speed up the process of germination. To do this, the seed must be wrapped in a damp cloth and place in the refrigerator for 2-3 days.
- Before sowing the cloves into the soil, they need to be properly prepared.
Seed treatment can be carried out in three ways:
- Slices poured warm water for 10-12 hours.
- You can also replace the water table salt solution (3 tbsp. l. 5 liters of water). The duration of soaking in this case a few minutes.
- Another method involves soaking the use of chemical growth promoters.
The final preparation stage involves its seed disinfection. For this chesnochiny immersed for 1-2 minutes in a copper sulfate solution (1 tbsp. l. means in 10 liters of water). As antimicrobial agent may be used potassium permanganate solution "fitosporin-M" and infusion ash. The duration of treatment with such agents is not more than half an hour.
The choice of location and soil preparation
Garlic is quite whimsical culture and therefore require soil with special characteristics to him. Choosing a place for him, it is important to consider all of its preferences:
- Vegetable feels good on loamy soils with chernozem and neutral pH.
- The bed should be open and well illuminated.
- It is undesirable to garlic predecessors were tomatoes, onions, potatoes. But with regard to cabbage, beans, zucchini and cucumbers, these cultures are quite appropriate.
- If planting is carried out in the spring, soil preparation should be done in the fall. When do you plan to plant the autumn variety, it should be done 30 days prior to carrying out the work. Soil preparation involves deep digging, hoeing, removal of weeds and stones.
- The composition of the soil has been balanced, it is necessary to dilute it with peat (sandy and clay soil). If the garlic is sown in peat soil, it must be mixed with loam.
To get a generous crop soil necessarily need to fertilize. Per square meter is required:
- 1 bucket decomposed manure or compost;
- 1 bucket of compost;
- 1 cup of dolomite;
- 1 tbsp. l. superphosphate;
- 1 tbsp. l. nitrophosphate.
Step by step instructions and how deep to plant
Plant garlic needed rows, maintaining an interval of 20-25 cm. The distance between the teeth dependent on their size. Typically, this figure is about 10 cm.
Bury the teeth need to vertically. If the landing is carried out in the spring, embedment depth must be equal to 5 cm. For autumn sowing it is 10 cm. Thus be able to save the plant material from freezing. After planting garlic in autumn flower bed need shelter straw or dry grass. When the snow melts, the protective coating must be removed.
Care
After planting, the garlic, it will require some care. It involves regular soil loosening and clean it of weeds. watering the beds should also be given due attention. At the time of garlic growing season requires abundant watering. As soon as the formation of the fruit should be moderate watering, since an overabundance of moisture can lead to the fact that garlic becomes more vulnerable to various diseases.
On rainy days, watering is carried out not to be. soil moisture should be stopped 14 days before harvest. In addition to regular watering garlic dressing is required:
- Every 10 days, a bed should be watered with a solution of phosphate and potash fertilizers.
- At the initial stage and after forming vegetation head must energize garlic extract mullein or chicken manure. 10 liters of water need to 1 kg means. Infuse structure needed for a few days.
Protect the cultures from pests and diseases may be by treatment with fungicides and insecticides. These procedures are carried out in the spring time.
As spring transplanting garlic, planted before winter
Often, gardeners are faced with a situation where, after the fall planting of garlic there is a need to move it to another location. Experienced gardeners do not recommend to hold similar events, since during transplantation there is a risk of damage the root system. If you decide to define culture in a different place, planting should be moved together with a large clod of earth. In this case, losses will be negligible, but the harvest will not please generosity.
If you want to grow garlic at his summer cottage, should not be afraid of this process. All work related to the preparation of the seed and sowing, not difficult, the main thing in this case strictly follow instructions and take into account the recommendations of experienced gardeners.
Share in the comments of their secrets and experiences of garlic cultivation
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