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Mummies have always attracted people increased interest and is a unique and welcome the findings of archaeologists. But it happens that the mummy is doubly valuable, and all because there are some very unexpected things. In our review of "ten" unexpected "surprises" that were fraught with mummies.
1. erect penis
Tutankhamun know how the boy who became pharaoh at the age of ten. But not many people know that he was mummified with an erect penis. In addition, the mummy of Tutankhamun has other abnormalities. the young pharaoh's heart was missing, his body and the coffin was covered with a black liquid. It is evident that Tutankhamun died with an erection and his penis at a 90 degree angle "established" embalmers.
According to Salima Ikram of the American University in Cairo, there is a religious explanation mummified erection of Tutankhamun. She suggested that this caveat was a deliberate attempt to do so looked like Tutankhamun Osiris, god of the underworld (it erect penis is the symbol that gives a new Osiris a life).
2. Colon Cancer
Colon cancer is the third most common type of cancer. He is primarily caused by an unhealthy lifestyle, lack of regular exercise, overeating and eating canned food. Since these factors are related to today's way of life, many people have suggested that colon cancer is a relatively recent disease.
Nevertheless, the study of the Hungarian mummies in 17 - 18 centuries, has shown that the disease is also suffering people of past eras. The tissue samples used in the study were taken from 20 mummies which have been found in sealed crypts in Vac, Hungary. This archaeological find has allowed people to know that colon cancer existed long before there were modern factors affecting health.
3. Land
After the MRI scan 3,200-year-old Egyptian mummy inside her head we found... ground. The researchers also found that the object brain remained untouched in the mummification process. This led scientists to assume that the man lived between the 16th and 11th centuries BC or in the era of the New Kingdom. After this period, the standard procedure was the removal of the brain during mummification.
After analyzing the shape of the skull of a mummy, which was named Hatason, suggested that she was a woman. As a rule, experts use a basin mummies to determine the sex, but in this case the pelvis collapsed. As for the land, and it still remains a mystery, because this method of mummification had never met before in other Egyptian mummies.
4. clogged arteries
Atherosclerosis is a serious disorder in which formed plaques in the arteries, clogging them. This can lead to stroke, heart attack and other cardiovascular diseases. It is also a leading cause of death in the countries of "first world".
It is assumed that for the prevention of atherosclerosis, people need to be adapted to the realities of modern lifestyle of hunter-gatherers, who were their ancient ancestors. Those. Today you need a way of life, full of physical activity and a diet rich in protein and unsaturated fat. However, a study of 137 mummies has shown that this assumption is wrong.
Greg Thomas of the University of California at Irvine and his team conducted MRI more than 100 mummies of the ancient four different groups of people: Peruvians, Egyptians, Aleuts, and Anasazi. Researchers have found that 34 percent or 47 out of 137 mummies were clogged artery. Moreover, this disease has been neglected in such form as it is today.
5. Devices for extracting marrow
About 3500 years ago in the Egyptian mummification process took a significant shift: embalmers began to extract the brain to mumifitsikatsii. This is done using primitive tools. Unfortunately, some of them were a bit careless and sometimes left tools inside the skulls of their dead patients. In 2008, a group of scientists from Croatia held MRT 2400-year mummies women.
To their great surprise, between the left parietal bone and the back of the skull mummy was discovered a tool to remove the brain. In fact, such cases are extremely rare, and if to be more exact, only met twice. The second tool for removing the brain was found inside the head 2200 summer mummy. The object was of 7 cm in length and was made of an organic material.
The researchers suggest that the original instrument could be more, and that they find is only the tip, and the tool is broken during mummification process. Because to get it would be problematic, embalmers just decided to leave a piece of the tool inside the skull.
6. Schistosoma Munson
Every year, 200 million people fall ill with intestinal shistosomozomom worldwide - a disease that can cause damage to the bladder, liver, lungs and intestines. Worms that cause this disease, live in standing and running water, and in the human body, they enter through the skin.
Schistosome Munson - the worm that causes the disease, found in the ancient Nubian mummies. Although it was believed that schistosomiasis - a relatively modern disease, thanks to the mummy revealed that she suffered from mankind since ancient times.
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7. Arsenic
For thousands of years, ancient people of northern Chile were exposed to significant doses of arsenic. It turned out after the analysis of hair 45 Andean mummies that were found in the area of the Atacama Desert. Arsenic is a tasteless and colorless, odorless substance, which may be encountered in contaminated groundwater and rivers.
Unfortunately, for the ancient civilization, the poison found in abundance in the area of the surrounding area of the Atacama Desert. Chronic exposure to this substance can lead to skin disorders, neurological problems, premature birth, cancer, and eventually death.
After careful analysis, researchers have found that 31 percent of mummies arsenic levels in the blood was 2.6 microgram per liter. Over time, the ancient inhabitants of northern Chile accumulated a large amount of arsenic in the body, from which they have suffered.
8. Prostate cancer
Due tomography with high resolution, the scientists were able to learn a lot about illnesses suffered by ancient civilizations. For example, a 2250-year-old Egyptian mummy thanks to this invaluable equipment was discovered prostate cancer.
In the summer of 2700 the remains of a Scythian king was also revealed this disease - this case is considered to be the oldest known example of this disease. This discovery only proves once again that cancer is not a disease so new, it was thought, and he pursued the mankind for centuries.
9. The well-preserved brain
In August 2010, Russian scientists discovered the mummy of a mammoth age of 39 000 years. Mummified animal has been found in the Siberian permafrost. Apart from the fact that the mammoth body is very well preserved, his brain was in excellent condition. In fact, this is the most intact mammoth brain, known to science.
After studying Yuka has been called the mummified animal, the experts concluded that the mammoth died at the age of six to nine years. With the scanners, researchers were able to find the fabric main component of the nervous system and to study the brain of the animal, which was very similar to modern elephants.
10. Antibiotic resistance genes
Misuse of antibiotics is very common today and is a huge problem. Its danger is obvious, as the overuse of antibiotics can lead to serious health problems.
For many years it was thought that resistance to antibiotics is produced due to the abuse of these drugs. However, studies on the mummy of the 11th century, showed that "the genetic mutations responsible for antibiotic resistance, and occur naturally is not necessarily associated with excessive use of of antibiotics. "
After analysis of the microbiome in the gut mummy of a woman who died at the age of 18-23 years old and was found in the Cuzco, the ancient capital of the Inca Empire, the researchers revealed in her body more resistant to antibiotics genes. If she were alive today, most modern antibiotics would not be able to save her.
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