How to plant carrots, so she grew big and tasty

  • Dec 24, 2019
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Almost every country site you can see the beds of carrots. Without this vegetable does not do most of the dishes. Moreover, it is a valuable source of beta-carotene and vitamin A, so it should definitely include in your daily menu. Many varieties of vegetable crops can be over a long period kept fresh, without losing its beneficial properties. Growing carrots and care involves certain features of it. At first glance it may seem that the process is relatively simple, but the carrot belongs to the vegetables moody. If you do not give it the right conditions, you can forget about collecting a generous harvest of succulent fruits. As a result, the roots can grow to be suitable only for animal feed. How to care for carrots in the open field, and how to properly prepare seeds for planting? Let's investigate.

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When is the best start to plant carrots?

Period, which is suitable for planting in open ground carrot, depends on root crop varieties. Conventionally, they are divided on the timing of aging:

  • or early maturing varieties of carrots, in which after 2 months after emergence of the vegetation period occurs;
  • The mid (3-4 months);
  • later (late-ripening) - from 4 months.
Some types of varieties suitable for planting under podzimnego film. Among them are: "Moscow winter", "Amsterdam", "Incomparable", "Children's sweetness" and other short-season and mid-season varieties.

The optimum time for planting podzimny seed can be determined independently. Gardeners, who has long been the practice of such a method of growing, it is advised to wait until the first ground freezing (no more than 3-5 cm). As a result, it is able to avoid early germination.

Germinate overwintered carrots can begin in the second half of April. To this end, over the beds need to build a small greenhouse or arc covered with foil. Then, the seeds should be thoroughly watered. Time for the usual spring planting should be determined, focusing on the climatic conditions of the terrain. Much attention should be paid to such features as the ability to long-term storage. When it comes to rich early-maturing varieties ( "sautéed Savoy", "Lydia the F1" and so forth.), This characteristic is not important.

As for vegetables for the winter stock, then it is best to give preference to varieties of carrots, which for a long time do not lose their useful properties ( "Nantes", "Orange Muscat" and "Fairy").

When it comes to central Russia, in such circumstances, sow early varieties of carrots should not later than the end of April. For this purpose appropriate maturing varieties such as the "Amsterdam", "Orange Muscat", "sautéed Savoy", "Favorite" and so forth.

If you want to grow crops "in reserve", to sow carrots need no earlier than May. Ideally this should be done in the middle of the month. It is desirable to give preference to varieties that are considered mid-season or late. The main thing is that they have a long shelf life. Can survive the winter varieties such as "Alenka", "Nantskaya" "Leander", "Granada", "vitamin".

If you provide the right conditions for late varieties, they are able to remain for the winter, and do not lose their juiciness until spring. can distinguish among varieties pozdnosozrevayuschih: "Red Giant", "Queen of Autumn" and so forth. Special attention should be given carrots "Perfetsiya" because the varieties have excellent resistance to moisture.

Stratification and germination

Beginning gardeners must necessarily follow the basic rules and planting care carrots. If you neglect them, you can grow carrots, which will fit only for animal feed.

Initially, you need to take into account the advice from experienced truckers who recommend to make preparations seeds before planting them in the ground. The first thing to know when harvesting planting material was produced. Often gardeners acquire large seeds or thrown "home", those that have been collected from the last harvest. When used ready seeds, before they plant them, you need to read the expiry date indicated on the packaging. Hopes for a bountiful harvest can be if the age at the time of sowing the seed is no more than 3-4 years. Then you need to start preparing the seeds to enhance germination.

It is a procedure which involves a preliminary germination and stratification (maintaining the seed under certain conditions). During the preparation and hardening is 10 days. Seeds must be filled with water at room temperature and let stand it there for over two hours. After that, they need to pour out evenly on the wetted cloth and squeezed and cover them from above in the same material. Soaking in the coil is necessary to complete their swelling. During this period, the tissue should be periodically moistened with water. It is important to prevent the drying of seeds. In addition, they should occasionally stir. When they begin to break the eggshell, they should be put in a cool place. Tempering seeds in such circumstances need a minimum of 10 days.

Among gardeners know another way to germination. To do this, they are placed in a cotton bag, after which it is lowered into a shallow pit covered with earth and left in this place for 10 days.

Where to plant carrots? Choosing the right place at the site

To settle for a rich harvest, it is important to choose the most suitable site for the beds. Carrots responds well to the sun's rays. In the shadow of this vegetable crop is gaining bad growth, it also negatively affects its taste.

If you are planning a winter sowing, it is advisable to equip a bed in a well illuminated and on higher ground. Thus it is possible to prevent the erosion of the seed material with melt water. It is also important to take into account the fact, what crops held earlier this past year. It is unacceptable to carry out the cultivation of carrots at the same site. This will lead to soil depletion, as root will draw from it all trace elements. In connection with this ground it is necessary to provide the rest (1-2 years).

It is possible that in the land of pests inhabit carrots, which can spend the winter there. It is not recommended to plant carrot seeds in a place where grown parsley, cumin, fennel, beans. But, as regards cereals, onions, cucumbers, potatoes, garlic and cabbage, such precursors are welcome.

How to prepare soil for carrot beds?

Before planting seeds in open ground it is necessary to do the preparation. The place intended for spring sowing, it is necessary to take care in the fall. The soil should be dug to fully eliminate all the roots of weeds. It is also important to fertilize the soil. After such preparatory work in the spring, the place you need to re-loosen and begin to plant seeds. Vacationers should remember that the soil should be light and loose. In such circumstances, the culture will grow well and is not deformed.

If the soil is dense enough, it can be mixed with sand, compost, manure or peat. It is important to take into account the level of acidity of the earth. An overabundance of acid may adversely affect the taste of carrots. An optimal index is 6-7. To obtain the desired level of acidity of the need to make special tools: dolomite flour, wood ash, chalk.

We form a bed: a distance between the rows should be?

Deepening furrows for sowing should be 2-3 cm. Between the beds need to withstand a distance which is equal to 20 cm. The wells were then irrigated with water, after which they sieved planting material. Grooves priporashivayutsya ground.

Several convenient ways to sow small seeds of carrots

If you use the seeds of modest size, at the time of planting, you can face some difficulties: they will not be easy to fill in the groove evenly. In this case, you can use the proven methods of sowing small seeds. To do this, you need to glue them to the toilet paper by glue. The toothpick or a match can be used as auxiliary tools. Then, the paper webs need to be dried. Planting material ready. It remains to put it into the pits and priporoshit ground.

Another popular method involves mixing the seeds with sand. The mixture was evenly placed in the groove, wherein the seeds are not glued together.

Sow carrots may also be using the paste prepared from potato starch. Prepare the liquid, cool it, pour it into the pot and add the seeds. Pour into beds directly from the pot and sprinkle the ground. There is a simple method that allows at home to get the pellets with seed. This plant material can also be purchased at the store.

To create a self-made blanks need to cut the toilet paper into small squares. In each of them put on carrot seeds, drip paste and mineral fertilizer. Then you need to turn the squares and allow to dry. Blanks of this kind may be constructed in the winter, but to keep the spring in a warm dry place.

Dressing

The soil needs fertilizer before as it will be planted carrot seeds. Make nourishing products as possible during preparation of the site in the autumn. As a natural fertilizer is best suited rotted cow manure (1 m² of land required means 0.5 buckets).

Novice gardeners should be aware that fertilize the beds with carrot fresh manure is unacceptable, since it increases the acidity of the soil, and it will lead to the fact that the roots will be deformed. Pre feeding can also be effected by means of nitrogen fertilizers, which are present in the composition of phosphates.

For example, per 1 m² possible soiling agent adhering to the following dosages:

  • superphosphate (in grunulah) double - 2 tbsp. l .;
  • dolomite flour - 2 tbsp;
  • wood ash - 2 tbsp;
  • potassium sulfate - 1 tbsp;
  • nitrate (sodium) - 1 tablespoon

Feeding carrots may also be periodically carried out using a mixture of mineral additives. 20 days after germination in the soil between the beds need to make part of the calculation:

  • Article 1.5. l double superphosphate;
  • 1 tbsp. l potassium sulfate;
  • 1 h. l. urea;
  • 10 liters of water.

Two weeks after the first feeding is necessary to fertilize the soil solution, adhering to the calculation:

  • 1 tbsp. l azofoska;
  • 1 tbsp. l potassium sulfate;
  • 10 liters of water.

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As an ideal dressing organic fertilizer made from chicken manure and water in a ratio of 1:10. The composition is complemented with superphosphate. Means you need to brew, and then re-diluted with water (1:10). Fertilize the soil solution should be no more than twice. When the carrot will in growth, soil can energize fluid prepared from boric acid and water (1 hr. l. means 10 L). Add root vegetables such means you have to double for the season: in July and during the period of maturation (as a rule, it is necessary at the beginning of August), in the first decade.

Important!Using fertilizer with nitrogen, is unacceptable bow on the dosage, or roots ogrubeyut and absorb nitrates.

rules of irrigation

If you do not provide a carrot timely watering, it may adversely affect the crop. Excessive use of water and harm. Proper watering of the vegetable culture involves certain rules. Pre-emergence watered flower bed planted with seeds need often, but moderately.

When the seedlings appear watering should be done once a week. The primer must be impregnated with water of not more than 30 cm deep.

excess fluid will lead to cracking root crops. When watering the beds is insufficient, inevitably the emergence of a huge number of small shoots and hairy roots. Moisture deficit and the long absence of watering will cause increased rigidity of carrots and its bitter taste.

When the summer is too hot, you can spend watering more often (3 times a week). In this case, you need to focus on the dryness of the soil. If the soil has not dried up, it is necessary to abandon the watering for a month before harvest. Experienced gardeners have resorted to such a method, due to the fact that it promotes long-term storage of vegetable and improves their taste.

Thinning, hoeing, hilling

For smooth and large root crops, it is imperative to adhere to the rules of hilling and thinning. Initially, you need to carry out timely loosening of the beds of carrots, to satiate his need oxygen. Resort to loosening the soil is necessary after watering or rain. Actions need to be extremely careful, because the roots are weakened at this point are near the surface, therefore, they are easy to catch and damage. Thinning should also be carried out carefully. It must begin after the appearance of sheets got stronger tops. If thinning is illiterate, roots that are in earth, will be traumatized and carrots grow "horny".

The same procedure should be performed, guided by the following rules:

  • Thin out only under carefully moistened soil.
  • Eliminate unnecessary roots gently, pulling them up or swinging.
  • Thin out the best in several stages for the first time leave enough distance between the carrot is not more than 3 cm in two weeks to carry out the procedure again. In this case, the distance will be equal to 4-5 cm.

As for the bedding, the root should be covered with soil to prevent the emergence of the green surface on the roots. If we ignore this rule, a substance solanine appear in vegetables. When winter storage harvest it will give the carrots a bitter taste.

Pest control: how to protect crops from insects and diseases?

The main enemies carrots can be ranked carrot fly. Fight this pest in several ways:

  • Do not leave the torn tops and weeds after thinning near the beds.
  • Mulching roots with a clean straw or pour surface ridges agent of natural origin, which is detrimental effect on the pest. For this purpose one can use tobacco dust or hot peppers. Land near the beds with carrot onion smell which repels carrot fly.
Another common pest of carrots is considered to aphids, which settles on the tops and the aboveground parts of the plant, consuming its juice. For pest control, you can use insecticides. Reins processing the last valid no more than 2 times per month.

Wireworms, which is considered the larvae of click beetle harms Roots, gnawing holes in them. To get rid of these pests need to dig a hole to be a trap for them. They need to put a bit of rotted grass and a slice of raw potato. Sprinkle the deepening land and leave it for a few days, then remove and destroy all the pests.

Great danger to carrots provide horticultural slugs. For them, you can also prepare a simple trap. For this purpose, you need to put on their summer cottage pumpkin slices or positioned near the beds cans of beer. Night pest necessarily be involved smell coming from the beverage and vegetables in the beds. All pests need to collect and destroy.

In the fight against slugs with the best hand proved themselves conifer needles, which must be placed between the beds. Fight the winter moth - an adult insect, which does not carry the threat of root crop, but it destroys the aboveground part, you can use insecticides. As the latter approach "Etafos", "Tsianoks".

In addition to significant harm pests of carrots can cause all kinds of diseases:

  • Gray mold. This fungal disease requires timely treatment of which involves the preparation of root crops processing with disinfectant properties.
  • White rot. It is considered the result of an overabundance of nitrogen fertilizers. In order to overcome this disease in the soil need to make preparations, which are based on copper.
  • Bacteriosis and Alternaria (black rot). Diseases of this kind have an effect if poor quality of seeds used for planting. To avoid the appearance of black rot, require prior disinfection. As therapeutic agents suitable fungicides.
  • Dry rot (Gangrene Gangrène). The disease occurs under the influence of fungal pathogens. The danger of it is that from it you can not get rid of any disinfectants, so it's easier to send forces to preventive measures. For this land is necessary to feed fertilizers, in which a sufficient amount of potassium present.
  • Felt disease. About her appearance can be found after the harvest of carrots harvested. To overcome it will require spraying with fungicides.
If ensure prevention of these diseases or to conduct their timely treatment, we can be satisfied with a bountiful harvest of carrots, which can be stored for a long period.

This and many other materials can be found on our website.

Please put the Huskies and subscribe to the channel "About Fazenda". This will enable us to publish more interesting garden articles.