Spurge, with small leaves and unusual flowers in the garden can create a striking effect. This genus consists of almost 2,000 different species - from tiny to large succulent annuals trees. Euphorbia found in almost all parts of the globe, so the garden, located in virtually any environment, is likely to find a suitable form. they bloom very interesting: what seems to be flowers, in fact - florets-Ciatim ( "Little goblets"). Each consists of two Ciatim bracts forming bowl (hence the name of the inflorescence). Inside are tiny glass of bezlepestnye male and female flowers. In most species the bracts have a noticeable yellow-green in color, specific for spurges. Around these flowers emit ring is nectar glands which differ in shape and color. They also give unusual inflorescence Ciatim. After these flowers wilt bracts usually preserved.
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All spurge contains poisonous white sap that irritates the skin. By the juice of fish are sensitive, so do not Euphorbia plant along the shore of the pond, where fish are bred.
Recommended species and varieties
Views offered here are divided into four groups: evergreen perennials, herbaceous perennials, annuals and biennials and greenhouse plants. In the conditions of the middle band Russia hardiness even in different species of the same group can vary greatly.
evergreen perennials
Spurge in the group most successfully grow in climates with mild winters and warm dry summers. Species suitable for growing in the open field in central Russia, a little, in some winters, they may freeze solid.
E. amygdaloides (M. almond)
From mid-spring to early summer forms a pale lime green color Ciatim. Leaves are gray-green, narrow, obovate, 10 cm in length. The stems and the lower surface of leaves often reddish-purple. This species, originating from the wooded area, prefers shady spots. In central Russia needs a lung prophylactic cover. The height and diameter of the plant 45x45 cm.
"Purpurea" (syn. "Rubra")
Purple leaves and stems, and flowers are light yellow. Bracts and leaves after flowering painted in green. This cultivar grows in well-drained soil in full sun.
Var. robbiae (syn. E. robbiae)
One of the best plants for growing groundcover under trees, forming inflorescence up to 20 cm. The leaves are dark green, bottom lighter.
E. biglandulosa
A large shrub forming the mid to late spring loose from a large dome dull green inflorescences 20 cm long. Each individual Ciatim with dark purple glands.
[Box type = "warning"] blossoms on the shoots of the previous season, so it is important that the branches wintered. [/ Box]
The leaves are bright, gray-green, about 11 cm long, sometimes covered with hairs. Plants not enough winter-hardy. They prefer open sunny places, but endure and partial shading. The height and diameter of plants -1,5h1,8 m.
Ssp. characias
Flowers have brown or black glands and light green bracts. Oval inflorescence up to 30 cm long.
"Blue Hills"
Sort dome forms a compact size of 1x1 m, and bluish-green leaves.
"Humpty Dumpty"
Dark brown bracts shiny and velvety blue-green leaves. It reaches 1.2 meters in height and has the same diameter.
Ssp. wulfenii (syn. E. veneta, E. wulfenii)
Flowers with yellow glands and pure yellow bract, assembled into spherical inflorescence up to 30 cm in diameter. Leaves bluish-green, to 15 cm long. Plants reached 2 m in height and have the same diameter.
"John Tomlinson" (syn. Kew form)
The variety has a smaller size and oval inflorescence.
"Lambrook Gold"
Bracts rich golden color of tobacco.
"Purple and Gold" (syn. "Purpurea")
Young leaves are covered with fine hairs, dark purple, contrasted with the golden-yellow flowers. The purple color fades during the summer. This strain reaches 1.2 m height and 1.5 m in diameter.
E. longifolia
In the early summer of the previous year shoots are formed flowers with bright red glands collected in inflorescence 25 cm long. narrow leaves, gray-green, 10 cm long, formed on reddish stems. This plant, forming a dome-shaped bushes, well-suited for sunny places, and for partially shaded. Winter hardiness of milkweed poorly understood. The height and diameter of plants -60h60 cm.
"Red Dwarf"
Variety has bracts dull red.
E. melliferae (E. longifolia) (M. nectariferous)
In the middle of the spring plant forms umbelliform inflorescence up to 12 cm in diameter, consisting of flowers with honey aroma. Bracts yellow-green, with golden or red glands. The leaves are light green, up to 15 cm long, with pink edges and yellow main vein. This species can be grown outdoors only in warm regions. In winter, it can comprise in a greenhouse at a temperature above 0 ° C. The height and diameter of the plant - 1,2h1,2 m.
E. myrsinites (M. mirtolistny)
Capitate inflorescences up to 10 cm in diameter appear in early spring. Bracts yellow-green, with the withering summer becoming orange. This is a low perennial plant produces creeping stems - flowers appear on the shoots of the previous year. thick leaves, obovate, blue-gray, about 3 cm long, are arranged spirally on the stem. In central Russia in the winter needs shelter in winter or cool greenhouse. The height and diameter of plants -15h60 cm.
E. nicaeensis (M. of Nice)
At the end of the spring forms an inflorescence 6 cm wide, the dimensions of which are doubled by mid-summer. Bluish-green leaves, 5 cm in length, are formed on the stems, lightly stained red. The plant has a hemispherical shape. Winter hardiness is low. The height and diameter of plants -0,6h1 m.
E. pithyusa (M. Pitsundsky)
At the end of the spring - early summer forms inflorescence about 10 cm in diameter. The leaves are closely spaced, narrow, pointed, bluish-green, to 1.5 cm in length. This is a low branching plant is well suited for rocky gardens in warmer climates. The height and diameter of the plant - 0,3h1 m.
E. rigida (syn. E. biglandulosa) (M. hard)
Umbellate inflorescences appear in spring on shoots of the previous year, which in summer turn red. Bluish-green leaves, 5 cm in length. Stems creeping, not like wet soil. For an annual flowering plant needs a sunny location and regular fertilizing. In central Russia must be winter shelter or the content of the winter in a cool greenhouse. The height and diameter of the plant - 0,6h1,2 m.
E. sequieriana ssp. nictciana (M. Seguier)
This type forms friable overgrown with pure yellow inflorescence up to 14 cm in diameter, which appear in late summer. Leaves are gray-green, about 3 cm long. Winter hardiness is poorly understood. The height and diameter of the plant 60x60 cm.
herbaceous perennials
By the grassy spurge should be treated with caution. Many form underground runners (stolons) and behave aggressively. It should also monitor the self-seeding.
E. cornigera (syn. E. longifolia hort.) (M. horned)
This type forms the dark-green leaves with a 7.5 cm long strip of cream to the middle of the stems having a reddish tint. Umbellate inflorescences to 10 cm in diameter appear in mid-summer. The height and diameter of the plant - 30h75 cm.
E. cyparissias (M. cypress)
In late May, many forms of inflorescences up to 8 cm in diameter. Bracts in summer becoming orange. Leaves of numerous needle-like, light green, up to 4 cm in length, fall colored in pure yellow color. This low plant makes a slight shading. Its good to use as a groundcover.
However, the form may be invasive. It is necessary to limit the growth of the underground.
The height and diameter of the plant - 0,4h1,2 m.
E. donit (syn. E. longifolia) (M. Don M. longifolia)
Dark green leaves, 14 cm long, with a white stripe in the middle and pale pink edges. Stems sometimes reddish. The flowers colors of lime green, formed from the mid to late summer. The plant forms thickets and prefers sunny location and wet but well-drained soil. The height and diameter of the plant - 0,3h1 m.
E. dulcis "Chameleon" (M. sweet)
This species blooms in mid-spring and has dark purple leaves and bracts. Leaves oblanceolate to 7 mm in length. The plant grows well in the sun and in the shade. If after flowering shoots are cut to the base feed and water the plant, the foliage it forms a second time. The height and diameter of the plant 60x60 cm.
E. epithymoides
Effective spurge, which forms June orange or bright red inflorescence up to 10 cm in diameter. Leaves 11 cm long, at blooming painted red before subsidence are dark green. This species prefers partial shade and moist place, well suited for gardens marsh plants. It gives long underground runners that should be considered when planting. The height and diameter of plants -75h75 cm.
"Dixter"
Dark orange blossoms and a height of about 45 cm.
"Fireglow"
Variety forms the bright red blossoms.
E. longifolia
Bright yellow capitate inflorescences are formed in May and June. Seedpods with processes. narrow leaves, pointed, dark green, 6 cm long, with a creamy stripe down the middle. The plant forms thickets. It can be cut in the middle of summer to stimulate growth of new shoots, which appear later. It is a good plant for dry gardens. The height and diameter of the plant - 30x60 cm.
E. palustris (M. marsh)
Inflorescence up to 12.5 cm in diameter, with bright yellow glands, appear in late spring - early summer. Leaves 10 cm long, the fall can be tinted orange. The plant forms a group leafy shoots that require support. It prefers shady moist places, but will grow in dry sunny places. The height and diameter of the plant - 1x1 m.
E. polychroma (syn. E. epithymoides) (M. multicolor)
One of the most common species that forms the inflorescence with bright yellow bract in May and June. The leaves are dark green, pointed, oval, up to 6 cm long, in some plants in the autumn slightly colored in red and purple tones. The plant has a loose dome shape and needs some support during the summer months. The height and diameter of the plant - 60x60 cm.
"Candy" (syn. "Purpurea")
Young shoots and leaves in spring lightly colored in purple.
E. schillingh (M. Schilling)
Dark green leaves, up to 10 cm long, with a noticeable white strip in the middle. The flowers appear in late summer, bracts retain their yellowness until late autumn. The plant forms thickets neat form and prefer moist soil and a sunny outdoor space. The height and diameter of plants -60h75 cm.
E. sikkimensis (M. Sikkim)
Bright pink shoots begin to appear in late winter, but they do not grow, there will come the spring warmth. Leaves bright green, and 12.5 cm long, remain pink color at the edges and the main vein. The flowers appear in early summer. This plant has the shape of a spreading shrub densely branched and prefers moist soil. The height and diameter of the plant - 1x1 m.
E. villosa (M. shaggy)
This Srednerussky powerful form blooms in May and June. The leaves are green, and 7.5 cm long, the fall painted in bright red and orange colors. The plant forms high thickets which need some support. Winter hardiness is absolute. It can grow in damp areas. The height and diameter of plants -1h1,2 m.
E. wallichii (M. Wallisch)
A yellow inflorescences up to 10 cm in diameter at the beginning of the summer. Dark green leaves, up to 8 cm in length, with a white stripe in the middle. Stems solid form bushes, which need some support. The height and diameter of the plant - 0,6h1 m.
Annuals and biennials
E. lathyris (M. grades)
Biennial plant, which blooms in the second year, forming a huge paniculate inflorescences up to 1 m in diameter. Bracts and leaves are dark blue-green with white veins. The leaves are opposite, are arranged at right angles to the stem. On a sunny day, the box can explode, while the seeds are scattered far from the mother plant. The height and diameter of plants -0,6h1,8 m.
E. marginata (M. fringed)
Classic decorative foliage cold tolerant annual. Direct branching plant with variegated leaves and bract having white edges. The leaves are narrow and pointed to 7 cm long. The height and diameter of the plant - 0,6h1,2 m.
greenhouse plants
E. fulgens (M. Brilliant)
Winter forms bright red umbelliform inflorescence up to 1.5 cm in diameter arcuate thin stems. Leaves elliptical, fresh green color, up to 10 cm long. The height and diameter of the plant - 1h0,75m.
E. millii (M. Mill)
Spreading succulent bush with very spiny stems hex. The leaves are bright green, obovate, about 3 cm long, sometimes fall off in the winter, but in spring there are new. Inflorescence with bright red bract appear throughout the year. The height and diameter of the plant - 1h0,6 m.
"Splendens" (syn. E. splendens)
A larger plant with leaves to 6 cm long.
E. obesa (M. fat)
Succulent (somewhat similar to a cactus) forms a dark green spherical ribbed stem, on which appears the top ring summer small yellow flowers. On the stem often has a pattern of light green bands. Male and female flowers are produced on different plants. The height and diameter of the plant 5x5 cm.
E. pulcherrima (M. beautiful, Poinsettia)
It is a popular houseplant forms on the tops of the stems erect large burgundy-red, pink or cream-colored bracts, like brightly colored leaves. They are surrounded by a group of very small yellow flowers, which appear when the day length becomes less than 12 hours a day. These leaves are dark green, oval, sometimes lobed. When the leaves and bracts fall off, the plant is usually discarded. The height and diameter of the plant - 75h45 cm.
cultivation
Plants that grow in the open field, planted in the spring in any fertile soil. Most spurges prefer well-drained soil and a sunny open space, with the exception of those descriptions which, above, refers to the specific growing conditions. E. myrsinites, E. martinii, E. ntcaeensis, E. rigida, E. characias, as well as its sub-species and varieties form perennial woody stems from the root collar. This means that the plant has two types of shoots: shoots of the previous growing season, which produced flowers and shoots of the current growing season.
Flowering shoots are cut to the ground in late summer or autumn, to run the following season could bloom the following year.
Succulent E. obesa planted in soil mixture with the addition of fine sand or gravel into the pot with good drainage. The remaining species are planted in greenhouse pots filled with earth based loam mixture with the addition of organic substances. The plants are placed under the direct sun, but pritenyayut from midday sunlight during the hottest months and are kept at a minimum temperature of + 15 ° C. Watered moderately from spring to autumn, winter - rarely, preventing the soil dry between waterings.
reproduction
Herbaceous perennial species are divided in spring or fall. To divide E. polychroma, E. palustris, E. villosa and E. wallichii, having thick woody stem at the base, they are dug and knife cut precisely in the middle. The surface slice sprinkled with powdered charcoal. All species, except for most greenhouse, also propagated by sowing seeds in the spring in a cold frame. E. obesa fresh propagated by seeds that are sown in the greenhouse. Evergreen perennials and greenhouse species can be propagated by cuttings neodrevesnevshie that are cut in late spring or early summer.
Pests and diseases
Usually not affected, only E. amygdaloides and E. tag-tinii may suffer from powdery mildew. Plants that are grown under glass, may be affected by mealybug and whitefly.
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