I would like to have at hand a flashlight, which is able to burn without the use of batteries and accumulators? All this sounds like science fiction, but in fact is rather a "dry" science. The basis of such a lighting device is simple Faraday generator, which can make even the student, if desired.
Principle of operation
At the heart of the "eternal torch" is a few inductors, which can be collected on their own. In it, by moving the rod of the permanent magnets, an electric current is obtained. It is converted to direct current by means of a rectifier (diode bridge). An important role in the design plays a supercapacitor, which allows you to accumulate charge. It is necessary to ensure that the device does not have to shake constantly. This is followed by a step-up transformer of toroidal ferrite coil and the two coils (the base and collector). The number of turns should be between 20 and 50. In the transformer should be three outputs to the transistors. It increases the current pulses to a level sufficient for the LED.
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Materials and tools
To create a "perpetual flashlight" need copper wire (0.5 mm), PVC pipe (diameter 20 mm), the transistor low power reverse conduction, a resistor, or a diode bridge rectifier and 2W1 neodymium magnets round dimension 15h3 mm. In addition, the need ionistor 1F 5.5V (supercapacitor), 5V LED white, button-switch, plywood and wool. Still need copper wire insulation and a transparent adhesive.
Of the tools have to be a soldering iron, hacksaw, file, sandpaper and glue gun hot.
The working process
First, from a tube made of PVC the flashlight housing. From the center of the tube mark segments of 1.5 cm in each direction. After that you need to install the copper wires of 0.5 mm. It will take 10-15 cm of wire.
It is wound on a tube-chassis. Mota have long received a total of nearly a thousand turns. Connections fix glue. At its thickest point coil should be about 0.5 cm. wire ends are stripped sandpaper.
We produce a magnetic core. The required length of the rod typed empirically. After that you need to install the difference of potentials. At this point, you can connect the LED and test the functionality of the design. After the "turn off" the two ends of the tube.
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There are very few. Connecting structure for a rectifier and a resistor autotransformer in accordance with the scheme. The capacitor of sufficient capacity and is selected empirically. Closed circuit bipolar transistor. Button-switch mount to one of the contacts. Install LED.
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The decoration of the flashlight carry on your taste and need. More assembly process can be seen in the author's video below.
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A source: https://novate.ru/blogs/010619/50557/