In accordance with the PUE requirements (see p. 1.7.82) all metal and conductive parts of the equipment at any facility necessarily interconnected. Due to this they form a so-called "basic" potential equalization circuit, connectable to the available consumer-side ground. To understand the action of the principle of the whole system will need to deal with that first, what is its immediate purpose.
The appointment system and its species
On any residential facility are many metal objects and structures, which are good conductors of electricity.
It:
- Laid in the apartment heating pipes.
- Steel boxes mine ventilation.
- Accessories bathrooms.
- Water pipes and sewage systems.
Important! Because of the particular conditions within the apartment or house more often, all these elements do not have a reliable electrical connection.
Due to the different resistances to the grounding contacts of the connection points (and therefore - and housing) may have a different potential. In certain conditions, the magnitude of this difference reaches dangerous values for humans (25-50 volts). This is clearly seen from the following drawings hereinafter.
To resolve this difference, and eliminate the possibility of electric shock residents of the house - it is organized in a system of equalization of potentials. For this purpose, all apartments within housing equipment, pipes, and steel doors and elements of the heating system are combined into a single circuit.
This is done with a view to subsequently connect to the existing earthing system. Only in this way it is possible to equalize the potentials appearing on the various elements of household equipment (photo below).
Types equalization systems
There are two kinds of leveling systems, one of which is called the main (OSUP), and the second - more (DSU).
The latter will not be able to function without a properly functioning basic system, which must meet the following requirements:
- Since GZSH in the cabinet, in its arrangement is forbidden to combine PE and N conductors.
- For all designs, which relies to ground, selects only the radial connection circuit to the grounding circuit.
- The chains protective earth is not permitted to establish separate switching devices.
Unlike OSUP DSU combines electrical conductive portions separated by a distance so great that they can form dangerous potential difference. And also there is a possibility that they can be accidentally touched at the same time (both hands, for example). These same elements include steel parts laid in the ground and surface structures as well as the protective conductor (photo below).
Features of arrangement
Since each of the metal objects may be grounded via a common protective circuit, the main task of equalization - to combine all the elements of structures and instruments in the body one point.
When selected necessarily take into account the following points:
- for this purpose should apply not insulated copper bus-section is not less than 6 mm square;
- place of assembly is chosen so as to tire length is minimum at a radial layout;
- tap point toward the grounding circuit is selected subject to the same considerations.
Also taken into account the requirement prohibiting the use of any compounds of train conductors and breaks, going to the grounding circuit.