I learned about the basic electronic components by visiting the online and offline library and reading books.
I had just started.
And I felt that, in many books, all explained in a complex manner.
In this article I will give you an easy overview explaining the main electronic components - what is it and what they do.
The most common basic electronic components
This is the most common components:
- resistors
- capacitors
- Light-emitting diodes (LED elements)
- transistors
- inductor
Rezistor
I did not realize at the beginning of the work of the resistor.
I thought that he did not do anything! Or simply consumed energy. But I have learned over time that the resistor is actually extremely useful.
You will see resistors everywhere. And as the name implies, they oppose the flow of current.
You use a resistor to control the voltage and current in your circuit.
How? Answer: using Ohm's Law.
Let's say you have a battery 9 V and you want to turn on the LED (LED) (see Figure 2)
If you connect the battery directly to the LED, the LED current will flow longer than necessary!
Much more than can cope with the LED. Thus, the LED will become very hot and burn out after a short time.
But - if you put a resistor in series with the LED, you can control how much current flows through the LED.
In this case, we call this current-limiting resistor.
Capacitor
You can imagine that the condenser - a battery with a very low capacity.
You can be charged and discharged him as a battery.
A capacitor is frequently used for the introduction of delays in the circuit. For example, if you need a flash light.
It is generally used to remove noise or improve the stability of the voltage supply circuit.
There are many types of capacitors. Most often, we divide them into polarized and non-polarized capacitors.
LED (LED)
The light-emitting diode - LED for short - is a component that can produce light.
We use LEDs for visual feedback with our scheme.
For example, to show that the scheme has the power. But you can also use them to create a cool light show.
You see all of these components, for example, on your laptop, on your mobile phone, your camera, your car.
There are many different types of LEDs.
A very common pattern for beginners - a flashing light circuit.
Transistor
This is probably the most difficult of the major electronic components for understanding.
But do not worry, it's not that hard.
A simple way - to look at transistor both the switch controlled by an electrical signal.
If you attach about 0.7 volts between base and emitter, you turn it on. It's simple!
Note that this is true for the NPN-transistors. There are other types, but more on that later.
But instead, to have only two states (ON or OFF), it also can be "bit included" controlling the current flowing through its base.
Inductor
Inductor a little strange element.
It's just a coil of wire - and you can do it yourself by making a few loops of wire.
Sometimes they are wound around some metal core.
They are often used in filters.