apple varieties have not only different fruits, but also the different structure of the root system and aboveground parts. From these factors depends on fruiting and hardiness, and modern hybrids have different speed and shoot growth.
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What are the apple
The main division of the plants is carried out on the stock type:
- Seed has a powerful, deep root system and can not grow at each site;
- polukarlikovyh rootstock forms fewer roots and not so much deeper as the seed;
- dwarf rootstocks have a very shallow root system.
Depending on the used for grafting seedlings, trees will be very different, and knowing how to choose the apple seedlings, help put them right and take care of the garden:
- Dwarf (spurovye) rootstocks allowed to grow fruit-bearing part of only 2-2.5 m in height. Most often, these include low-growing trees and columnar. Compared with the seed of apple look tiny, though the fruit size is not different from the strong-growing varieties. The advantage of dwarf rootstock is compact tree: columnar can be planted more often than simple, and per unit area have substantially the same yield. Dwarf rootstock makes it possible to plant apple trees in places where the medium and tall trees can not grow.
- Sredneroslye species sensitive to high standing groundwater and grow poorly when the level of occurrence of more than 2.5 m. Choosing such varieties for planting in the suburbs should be cautious, t. To. On most sites, the depth of soil water often does not exceed this figures.
- Tall rootstock plant will provide a powerful, well-developed crown (7-8 m) and longevity (large varieties live up to 70 years). With proper care and timely pruning the gardens of these trees bear fruit abundantly. The disadvantage is a deep root system: the plant can be planted only on dry land with a slight distance to the ground and aquifers not less than 3 m.
Other selection criteria
Furthermore tall rootstocks, success obtain a stable and rich harvest earliness depends on apples. In central Russia later southern varieties can never ripen and collect the right amount of sugar. Even the good apples are obtained sourish and small.
When buying young apple trees it is necessary to pay attention to the timing of fruit ripening:
- Moscow suitable for varieties that are called summer. They begin to ripen in mid-late August, often have a high sugar content and are characterized by a sweet taste. The most common varieties: White filling, Grushovka, Lungwort, Borovinka. Lack of summer apples is a short shelf life (1-2 weeks). Recycle big harvest in this time difficult.
- Some of the trees in his apple orchard conveniently replaced by middle-or autumn, variety. This will give the opportunity to process the crop slowly t. To. He kept for 1 month after harvest. By middle class includes Melbu, Cinnamon striped, Korean and so on.
- In late September, mature late varieties. They grow well only in the southern regions. Central Russia and the Moscow region for these apples are suitable, but in the Urals and in Siberia in the early frosts of the crop can be lost. Undamaged fruits keep well for 5-6 months. Common varieties - Moscow winter, AltaVista and others.
To buy good and that the claimed variety seedlings, not buy the planting material in nurseries.
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