Greetings, dear guests and my dear subscribers!
On this page, I would like to describe the technology for building masonry, according to which I made a basement for my house.
We live in the Rostov region, there are a lot of natural stone quarries in the district, so it was a sin not to take advantage of this opportunity, especially since the price per ton is 550 rubles. A full body of KAMAZ, together with delivery, cost me only 11,000 rubles.
Today, the basement of my house and the first work with stone in my life looks like this:
Not to say that they are straight pro, but for the first time, I think it's worthy!
Process
Stone fraction - 300-500 mm, i.e. there are cobblestones, the diameter of which exceeds half a meter. Therefore, in this case, it is important to sort the stone before starting work.
After the choice of stone in the quarry has been made, the material is delivered to the construction site and laid out manually in fractions (by size) in piles. This contributes to a quick and convenient selection of sizes during masonry: acute-angled - in one direction, rectangular and more or less regular in shape - in another, completely rounded - we throw it aside, they do not participate in the masonry.
The second step is to prepare the tool, beat off the plane and lay out the stone to dry. Of the tools, hammers are most often used for cutting the edges of stones and a brush with metal bristles for cleaning (grouting) the joints.
The laying is carried out with strict control of the vertical plane, for which two guide ropes (laces) are pulled parallel to each other:
After that, fitting is done. This step for me, as for a non-professional, always precedes the mixing of the solution. Without fitting, the matter is progressing very slowly and the finished solution can "harden ten times" while the necessary stones are selected :-)))
Layout is a painstaking process, but in return you get great speed and beauty.
Dry layout:
The stones are laid out and the edges are fitted. Make sure that each overlying stone ties the bottom row. Now you can knead the solution.
In the next photo, I clearly show the dressing of stones:
The stability of the stone in masonry depends on the position. Here, I would like to note the most important rule of a bricklayer - the rule of three pivots. Craftsmen know that the only correct stable position of a stone is to set it on three points of support located in the same plane.
This comes with experience, and in order to determine the correct position of the stone, it must be "twisted and turned" on a flat plane. Therefore, professionals do not lay flat stones on their side or on the edge, knowing that such structures do not last long.
Example with cladding:
The laying is done exclusively "flat". By the same principle, structures are erected using the dry masonry method (without mortar), which have been standing for centuries.
Masonry process for my basement:
Masonry mortar
The mortar for masonry is made of high strength to wedge (pinch) each stone.
Volume ratio of the mixture:
- 1 hour cement М500 D0 (D0 - without additives and without slag);
- 2.5 hours coarse sand;
- 0.6 hours water.
According to the cement-sand ratio, it can be seen that a mixture is obtained not lower than the M250 grade.
It is important that natural stone is a monolithic low-porous structure, so it does not absorb water compared to brick. Because of what, the masonry mixture is made with a water deficit in order to exclude the effect of squeezing (displacing) the solution from under the massive stone.
Due to this property, the mixture in the masonry is plastic for a long period of time, which is why it is not recommended to produce multi-row masonry in height for 1 cycle. Work is carried out along the perimeter of the structure (along the entire length) until the cement mortar of the lower rows seizes.
Joints are sewn with a metal brush 4-6 hours after laying, therefore, I recommend evaluating the time for the next jointing, and not like me - at 6 pm I finished laying, and at 10 pm I climbed with a flashlight - I embroidered, because in the morning it will be easy impossible.
During a working day, in 8-9 hours, I managed to make about 3 square meters, despite the fact that I also did the mixing of the solution myself. With two people, productivity is much higher!
I think it worked out well:
P.S.
I will say that I really liked the work with the stone, even despite all its complexity. The fit doesn't take as much energy as the Tes. The estimated compressive strength of rubble stone is 900 kgf / sq. Cm., And this is for a minute, the brand is M900. I do not know how long he lay in the ground in front of the prey, but he will have to stand for a very long time :-)))
The plans for the next spring remain grandiose - both a courtyard with stone paths, and a gazebo on stone pillars and a stone barbecue, since there are 6 tons of stone left from the first delivery.
How feasible all the plans are - I don't know, but we will try to stick to them :-)))
I can not help but write that I was taught this technology by a professional in his field and stone master - Yuri Moskalenko (If someone is interested, I am not secret - a link to his YouTube channel: Stone success)
I understand that within the framework of one article, it is impossible to state in detail the entire technology of stone laying, so if you have questions, please ask them in the comments.
Thank you for your time!
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