Grapes became one of the first crops, which are beginning to cultivate humanity. Juicy fruit is used in a variety of fields: in the wine industry, in the manufacture of compotes and jams, while drying out of it are raisins, juice serves as the basis for marinades and vinegar, oil from the seeds do, and leaves are an essential component of cabbage and dolma.
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Grapes are heat-loving, but it can be grown in the middle latitudes with more severe climate. And how to protect the grapes from the cold weather in most regions of Russia is more complicated than in the more southern countries and areas, gardeners effective plant protection methods have been withdrawn and cold-resistant varieties developed freezing.
Best cold-resistant varieties
Such rocks are divided into two types - a covering and conventionally neukryvnyh. The difference is that the first type of vines must be removed, allowing them to spend the winter in the ground, and the second type of grapes can be left as it is, without having to remove and no hiding. Moreover, conventionally a covering does not necessarily insulate - it will be enough snow layer.
To conditionally sheltered include:
- "Tayozhny" - versatile in use, makes up to 40 ° C cold, keep up before the others, resistant to disease;
- "Lydia," also known as "Isabel Rose" - is used in wine-making, and for decorative purposes, the fruits ripen in September, are experiencing severe frosts;
- "Ladies fingers" aka "Husayn White" - worse than other transports cold (to -20 ° C), sweet, with a higher yield (40 kg with a bush).
From neukryvnyh can be identified:
- "Lucille" - is suitable for cultivation in the country in Moscow, with the age of the harvest increased in fetuses muscat flavor variety can withstand up to 35 ° C below zero;
- "Uinchel" - Table hybrid taste similar to strawberry, early maturing, easy wintering at 30 ° C, is immune to fungal diseases;
- "Riddle Sharov" - sweet and precocious variety, able to spend the winter at -35 ° C, cultivation in greenhouses reduces maturation period, have a long shelf life and increased productivity.
Methods of protection against frost
If the selected variety is not resistant to cold, then one of the following methods can be used:
- Abundant watering. Eve promised frost need to pour all landing warm water not lower than 10 ° C, wherein each bush have grown for at least 4 buckets. Then close the basal surface film that provide heating the air inside, and in cold weather it is removed - the steam rises and warm cloud envelops landing.
- Sprinkling. When it comes to the vineyard industrial scale, it is possible to install sprinklers. This system automatically starts spraying fine water droplets by lowering the temperature to 2 ° C. These droplets do not allow frost to touch the plants and harvest. With a small amount of planting, you can use the nozzle on the hose that sprays water as well as a sprinkler.
- The construction of shelters. Plus this method is that the material for the insulation can serve anything from old newspapers, unnecessary clothes and burlap to specialty films with fasteners. The material is installed in the form of a greenhouse and well secured, and the plants do not need to touch it. In such a greenhouse can be supplied with hot water containers - landing at night will be provided with additional heat.
It should be noted that all these methods are effective only when frost not less than -6 ° C. In case of severe cold should be purchased cold-resistant varieties that are easy to experience slight cooling.
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