The quality of the soil directly affects the yield. Therefore, immediately after harvesting in the fall, it is important to pay due attention to the soil. One of the most significant measures is considered to be soil disinfection from fungal infections.
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Purposes and methods of disinfection
The summer period is favorable not only for the growth of crops and the ripening of crops, but also for the vital activity of bacteria and pests. They appear in the soil and multiply actively during the entire warm period. Their high activity negatively affects the development of plants. The seedlings do not take root well, the yield decreases, the quality of the fruits deteriorates.
The main tasks that can be solved with the help of disinfectants:
- feeding crops, which contributes to their better growth;
- weed control;
- protection against infectious diseases;
- reducing the number of treatments for infections.
Several techniques can be used to disinfect soil:
- agrotechnical;
- biological;
- chemical.
Agrotechnical method
The agrotechnical method implies proper tillage, timely aeration and compliance with crop rotation. With regular loosening and autumn digging of the site, most pathogenic microorganisms, spores and larvae are destroyed.
The beds in the garden should be narrow so that it is convenient to carry out processing and aeration. Strongly thickened plantings are a favorable environment for the development of mushroom mycelium. You can return the culture to the previous bed after 3-5 years. This is the period of time during which the mushroom mycelium will die.
Seed material must be healthy, and before sowing it must be treated with disinfecting compounds, for example, manganese solution. In addition, parts of plants affected by diseases and pests must be removed from the territory and burned. This will help prevent the spread of infections in the area.
Biological way
In small areas, the use of chemicals is permissible only in extremely severe cases. The safest for humans are biological compounds such as Baikal, Baktofit, Fitosporin, etc.
The introduction of disinfecting drugs is carried out in the fall, after the harvest. The event is held in 2 stages:
- Preparatory stage. Remnants of crops and weeds, garbage are removed from the soil. If necessary, add lime to the soil. This helps to reduce the likelihood of soil contamination by bacteria.
- Disinfection. At the end of the excavation, disinfectants are introduced into the ground to a depth of 5-10 cm. With a strong infection, one autumn procedure will not be enough. In this case, additional spring processing is required.
As a result of disinfecting measures, the composition of the soil is normalized, its resistance to diseases increases.
Chemical method
With a strong infection, it will not be possible to solve the problem with the help of biological agents. In this case, use Bordeaux liquid (3%). Chemicals can quickly get rid of pathogens. But in addition to the pathogenic flora, microorganisms that affect the quality of the soil die, which further leads to its depletion. A good harvest on such soil will not be possible. After the treatment with chemicals, the soil will require additional fertilizing and agrotechnical procedures for its restoration.
In addition to Bordeaux liquid, bleach, formalin, copper sulfate and fungicides are also used. Bleach is applied at least 6 months before planting crops. Formalin treatment is carried out 15 days before disembarkation. Copper sulfate disinfects the soil immediately after harvesting.
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