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In recent years, an increasingly popular topic of discussion among the drivers are alternative fuels. Traditional, gasoline and diesel fuel, are no longer satisfied in many respects, primarily because of the high cost. So what can be replaced by "benzo" and "diesel fuel" that the car was, as before, but the costs were smaller? Details - later in our review.
bioethanol
Bioethanol - an alcohol, which is derived from plants such as sugar cane, corn, cereals. It is mixed to gasoline or diesel fuel to a fuel that can be used in a production car. According to research conducted by the author himself in a university laboratory, even in the old "Lada", you can add up to 30% alcohol without fear of engine performance. A modern injection engines thanks to the computer control may further. The car will run on fuels having a concentration of ethanol to 85%, but need pereproshivat control unit. This significantly increases consumption, but reduces the likelihood of knocking, less polluted parts of the engine.
And from the viewpoint of ecology bioethanol predpochitelnee gasoline as carbon dioxide, which formed during the combustion, the gas absorption is compensated plants - raw material for future alcohol.
methanol
Like ethanol, methanol - is also alcohol, but drinking it is not necessary. Even in small doses this powerful venom causes blindness, and more - death. But if you add methanol to gasoline, the engine power will increase, this will reduce the likelihood of detonation, the engine will not overheat under load. Despite the toxicity of the alcohol used on racing cars, and in small amounts - it is an excellent high-octane additive.
liquefied gas
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for several decades, gaining popularity in Europe, and more recently - in Russia. Conversion of car to run on propane-butane - employment difficult in terms of official registration, but the benefit from becoming more evident every year.
In addition, if the machine is set cylinder equipment (HBO), not only can save well, but also to extend the service life of the motor. During the combustion of gas produces less soot and oil polluted much less.
Hydrogen
Despite the active promotion of the American and Japanese markets, the hydrogen fuel is still exotic. According to the author Novate.ru site, this is partly due to the cost of cars on hydrogen fuel cells, such as Toyota Mirai and Hyundai Nexo, as well as a deficit of gas stations. However, hydrogen has many advantages in comparison with the main "competitor", electric vehicles, as Such machines quickly refuel, have a large power reserve, and from the exhaust emitted substantially pure water.
Methane
There are around 20 million vehicles running on compressed natural gas (CNG; methane). Most of them - are commercial vehicles such as buses and trucks. The main reason is that the combustion of methane produced much less particulate matter (soot), and carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide.
The use of methane can extend engine life because this gas has a high octane number, and, therefore, a good anti-knock properties. Also, there is less wear of parts due to the reduced amount of carbon.
Volkswagen Scirocco R, refillable methane, is involved in the 24-hour endurance race at the Nürburgring. Photo: autocar.co.uk.
But there are also disadvantages of methane. The main drawback - the car needs a larger size tank than in the case of propane-butane mixture. But this does not prevent the use of compressed gas, even on the race car.
biodiesel
Biodiesel - a fuel which has substantially the same properties as a conventional "diesel oil", but it is obtained from plant crops, such as rapeseed, soybean, sunflower, and palm oil. At the moment, biodiesel is commercially available, is more expensive than diesel fuel at the gas station, but it's exactly the kind of fuel that can be produced independently, with relatively simple equipment.
The addition of additives to the fuel - this is one way cheap and fast to increase the power of any car, and specifically to reduce the consumption even in the bitter cold.
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A source: https://novate.ru/blogs/140219/49458/