Over time, the soil begins to lose its nutrients and accumulate pathogens, which negatively affect garden and horticultural crops. There are three correct rules for improving the garden, which will help restore the soil microflora and increase yields next year.
What can harm the soil
Garden crops suffer most from various fungal diseases such as late blight, powdery mildew, scab and gray rot, which can destroy more than 50% of the crop. In some cases, traditional preventive measures fail to protect plants from infection. Some fungal diseases can completely destroy all adult bushes and future crops in a few days. The reason may lie in the increased infectious background of the soil, which can be reduced in various ways.
Soil rehabilitation methods
Improving the soil in a greenhouse or greenhouse is much easier than in an open area. It is quite difficult to completely get rid of sources of infection, but even novice gardeners can disinfect the soil and fill it with nutrients.
The land is cultivated by 3 methods:
- agrotechnical;
- biological;
- chemical.
Agrotechnical method of soil treatment
The garden should be divided into several sections ranging in size from 1.5 to 2 m for more thorough processing and aeration, because in dense vegetation with high levels of moisture, the fungus develops much faster.
Crop rotation is an important part of protecting plants from fungal infections. Every year it is necessary to change the place of their planting and only after 4-5 years can they be returned to their previous beds. During this time, fungal spores will die.
Onions, garlic, cabbage, beans, peas and other legumes can become precursors of vegetables that are susceptible to late blight. Tomatoes, bell peppers, zucchini, potatoes and other nightshades are not recommended to be planted after similar crops.
Only healthy seedlings or seeds soaked in special biologically active solutions can be used for planting. Infected tops must be quickly removed from the garden and burned. You should not apply a large amount of fertilizers with a nitrogen content: feeding should be clearly calculated and balanced.
In some cases, soil enrichment occurs due to abundant planting of green manure. The root system of such plants contains a large amount of nutrients that are necessary for the future harvest. Environmental friendliness, a lot of phosphates and other trace elements are the main advantages of green manure. They can be left for the winter, dug up with the soil, or they can be crushed and brought back into the soil - all the same, the earth will receive all the nutrients it needs.
In the fall, you need to dig up the entire area so that, together with large lumps of soil, they hit the surface fungal spores and other harmful microorganisms that freeze at sub-zero temperatures and will perish.
Biological method of soil disinfection
For the disinfection of small plots of land, it is necessary to use substances containing a large amount of trace elements that are safe for people and animals. The most effective are preparations of the Baikal EM series, which are introduced into the soil several weeks before the onset of the first frost.
In the fall, it is necessary to dig up the soil well and introduce biologically active fungicides that will cope with various fungal microorganisms, and in the spring, repeat this procedure.
Chemical method of processing the site
If biological agents cannot cope with their functions, it is necessary to use heavy artillery. In this case, you need to purchase chemically active agents of 3-4 class.
In October or November, a concentrated 3% solution of Bordeaux liquid can be added to the soil. And in April, when the weather will be dry, the soil must be spilled with a 4% solution of copper oxychloride or a solution of "Oxychoma". Before planting the plants, the holes or grooves should be treated with "Fitolavin" or another antifungal preparation that will protect the roots of seedlings from fungal diseases.
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