With improper care or the reproduction of pests, many diseases can develop that damage plants. The most common cucumber are divided into 3 main groups: fungal, viral and bacterial, depending on the type of infection.
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Fungal diseases
Powdery mildew is one of the most common fungal diseases. Caused by an infection by Sphaerotheca fuliginea Poll. Relatively cool but humid weather contributes to its appearance. If the air temperature rises above + 18... + 20 ° C, then the disease stops developing. The fungus can persist in soil and weeds.
Powdery mildew is characterized by the appearance of rounded white spots on the leaves and stems. The affected areas may gradually expand to cover other parts of the plant. The fruits are not contaminated, but in most cases the disease affects their appearance and quality. When the first spots appear, the plants are treated with fungicides: Vivando, Bayfidan, Topaz 100 EC, Domark 10 EC, Sistan Ecosis EB, Flint max, Collis.
Fusarium wilting (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum) is a fungal disease that can significantly reduce the yield of cucumbers. The cause of the disease is the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. It can develop at all stages of the growing season, but is most often observed during flowering periods; a characteristic feature is the wilting of plants, especially their tips. The fungus spreads through the soil and, if left untreated, can remain active for decades.
It infects plants through the roots, from where it gets to the upper parts of the bushes. Brownish spots of various shapes are formed on the affected areas; purple color can also be found. Gradually, the spots on the leaves of the cucumbers expand, affecting the rest of the bush. Infections are promoted by wet weather and various damage to plants.
For treatment, a serum-based solution is used in the ratio: 4 liters per 10 liters of water, you can also add copper sulfate (1.5 tsp). Plants are sprayed with this agent.
Viruses and bacteria
Cucumber mosaic is the most common virus that can infect other crops in addition to cucumbers. Usually spreads through aphids that come into contact with infested weeds. A characteristic sign of the disease is the appearance of wide spots on the leaves of the vegetable, usually yellow and green, similar in appearance to a mosaic. As a result of the lesion, the normal process of photosynthesis is disrupted, the fruits are also covered with spots.
At the initial stage of the disease, a solution is prepared: 1 liter of serum + 10 liters of water + 15 drops of iodine. After spraying, the spread of the virus stops, but the affected plant areas do not recover.
The bacteriosis is caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas lachrymans. Wet weather and the presence of moisture droplets on the leaves of the bushes contribute to its spread. The optimum temperature for the spread of the disease is + 20... + 24 ° C. It is characterized by the appearance of brownish angular spots on the leaves and fruits, as a result of which the affected areas die. For preventive purposes, the bushes are sprayed with preparations: Hom (40 g per 10 l of water), Energen (5 ml per 10 l of water).
Prevention
To protect plants from infection, it is recommended:
- Choose quality seeds from reliable producers.
- Change landing site regularly.
- Before planting seedlings, clear the area of weeds.
- Use loose, well-cultivated and nutrient-rich soil for growing cucumbers.
- When watering, avoid wetting the leaves.
During the growing season, it is recommended to regularly loosen the soil, and if there are damaged areas on the bushes, remove them in a timely manner.
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