Onion sets in vegetable gardens are among the common types of vegetable crops. To obtain large heads, which provide a high yield in open field conditions, it is important to know the basic methods of growing onions.
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Landing dates
Onion sets are planted more often in the spring, when the daytime temperature does not steadily fall below 7-8 ° C. This happens in the period from the second decade of April to almost mid-May.
This culture is cold-resistant, so it is not recommended to wait until the end of spring, when the soil dries out and cannot provide the plants with the necessary moisture.
You can also carry out pre-winter seeding. A suitable period is the third decade of October.
Varieties of onion sets
As a result of breeding work, a large number of onion varieties have been bred, which differ in the following indicators:
- yield;
- the size of the bulbs;
- a shade of husk and pulp;
- ripening time;
- taste characteristics;
- resistance to external factors.
Among the early maturing varieties, the following varieties can be distinguished:
- Stuttgarter Riesen. The weight of rounded bulbs with yellow-brown hulls is 150-180 grams.
- Carmen. Differs in dark red color of rounded heads weighing 50-80 grams.
- Corrado. The rounded-flat head, covered with golden scales, weighs 110-120 grams.
- Cupido. The mass of an elliptical bulb with a golden husk is about 110 grams.
Mid-early varieties:
- Sturon. The scales of a rounded head weighing 150-160 grams are colored light brown.
- Stardust. This type of white salad onion. The elliptical head weighs 115-145 grams.
- Hercules. Round heads with a golden husk weighing 150-160 grams ripen.
- Red baron. Rounded red onions weighing 65-95 grams are distinguished by excellent taste.
Mid-season varieties:
- Shetana. Golden rounded heads weigh 70-95 grams.
- Bamberger. The elongated heads, covered with golden scales, weigh 70-95 grams;
- Rumba. Gold-colored heads reach a weight of 110-125 grams.
The varieties recommended for the northern regions have a pungent taste. They keep well.
In the southern territories, lettuce-type onions are more often cultivated, which cannot be stored for a long time and has a sweetish taste.
Varieties also differ in the number of bulbs formed:
- small-nesting - 1-2 pcs.;
- medium-sized - up to 4 pcs.;
- multi-slot - over 5 pcs.
Seeding preparation for planting
Examine the onion sets, rejecting dry and rotten heads. For the rest, the upper scales are cut off to the growth line.
In order to prevent diseases, 10 g of potassium permanganate are dissolved in 10 liters of settled water. In a filtered product, the sevok is soaked for half an hour just before planting.
You can use ammonium nitrate. Measure 180 g of fertilizer and dilute in 10 liters of water. Pour onion for 20 minutes with a solution, which is then immediately planted on the garden.
Table salt helps to quickly adapt in the open field to onions, which will need a glass for a ten-liter bucket. In such a solution, the set should lie for 5 hours. It is washed with cool water and planted in the ground.
You can use growth stimulants, for example, "Gumat", "Energen", "Zircon".
Planting and leaving
Onion beds are arranged in a sunny place, choosing slightly acidic soil. Eggplants, tomatoes, potatoes can serve as predecessors. It is not recommended to plant the seedlings after the garlic.
In the fall, rotted compost or manure is applied to the site. In the spring, two weeks before planting, it is dug up, adding urea, potassium chloride, superphosphate in a ratio of 1: 2: 6. 9 g of the mixture is required per square meter. Seven days later, water the soil with copper sulfate, which will need 1 tbsp. l. on a ten-liter container with water.
On the beds, grooves are marked with a depth of 4-5 cm. The distance between them is kept within 25-35 cm. In a row, the interval depends on the size of the planted heads:
- 5 cm - up to 10 mm diameter of the bulbs;
- 8 cm - with head sizes 11-15 mm;
- 10 cm - for seeding larger than 15 mm.
The first shoots when planting in spring appear after 8-10 days. If the seed was planted in the fall, then a strong green feather adorns the beds as early as April.
For two months in dry weather, the onions are watered every 7-8 days. Then the interval is doubled, and watering is stopped 20 days before harvesting.
Further care consists in loosening the surface crust, removing weeds. On fertile soil, feeding is practically not required. If the soil is sandy loam, then organic matter is introduced by the end of the first month after planting. For this purpose, 1 kg of manure is diluted in 10 liters of water.
Onion sets do not belong to the list of overly demanding vegetable crops, but it must be borne in mind that they do not tolerate waterlogging. If the summer is rainy, then it is advisable to protect the beds with a canopy made of film, especially at the stage of maturation of the heads. This will prevent them from rotting.
Do you grow onions in your garden?
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Read about feeding onions and garlic in the following article:How and when to feed onions and garlic so that the leaves do not turn yellow