Diseases of onions and garlic develop despite the antibacterial properties of such plants. To understand the signs of what kind of infection arise, you need to find out how their course differs. This will quickly eliminate their causes and consequences.
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Diseases that affect onions and garlic
A number of the most common problems that arise when growing such plants are noted:
- Mosaic. Develops on leaves, inflorescences. A characteristic feature is dots and stripes that are different in color from green feathers. The source of the disease is the garlic mite. To prevent infection, planting material should be selected more carefully. When signs of a pest appear, it is important to immediately separate the infested plantings. Moreover, onions and garlic, which are infected with the parasite, must be destroyed - be sure to burn.
- Green mold. The disease develops during the storage stage of onions, as well as garlic. At the same time, characteristic signs appear: a greenish bloom, preceding its appearance by plant lethargy. During the examination, the softness of the tissues is felt, there are voids inside. Deterioration of storage conditions contributes to the development of the disease: cold and high humidity. With such parameters of the air environment, harmful microorganisms are activated. The danger is that the disease can be in a passive phase. This contaminates healthy onions and garlic. In addition, there is no way to prevent the development of this process.
- Rust is a disease that often develops in the tissues of onions and garlic. The main feature is red spots on the arrows (they are formed during the growth of plantations). The affected areas darken even more over time. It is possible to stop the development of the disease by changing the conditions for maintaining the plantings. This is real if they grow in a greenhouse. Do not water plants with cold water outdoors.
- Aspergillosis. The disease develops when storage conditions are violated. This is a fungal disease that contributes to the deterioration of the appearance of the bulbs, the destruction of their tissues. First, the fungus develops on the husk. If the cause is not eliminated, the infection will penetrate deeper. The main sign is the blackening of the onion, while the plaque has a special structure - it is loose, fleecy. The fungus infects plants that are harvested ahead of time (not ripe), poorly dried for storage.
Treatment and prevention
Recommendations to prevent or at least reduce the risk of developing diseases of onions and garlic:
- Agrotechnical methods: compliance with crop rotation. The location of the beds is changed annually. Crops can be planted again in the same place no earlier than after 4 years.
- Compliance with storage conditions: air humidity is controlled, additional sources of moisture in the room are eliminated. It is important to send fully matured plants for storage.
- Regular check of the condition of the tissues of the bulbs.
- Before sowing, the planting material is heated.
- It is important to feed early in planting. Potassium and phosphorus are also added as part of fertilizers, but towards the end of plant development.
- Growing arrows are inspected regularly. When changed areas appear on green peduncles, they need to be removed.
- If you do not plan to eat fresh onions or garlic, you can protect them from infections with Bordeaux liquid.
For long-term storage, choose late ripening varieties. Onions and garlic are harvested only in dry weather. This will avoid an increase in the moisture content of the plant tissues.
Do you know how to prevent diseases of garlic and onion?
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I wrote about the reasons for the yellowing of onion and garlic leaves in the following article:Why do the leaves of onions and garlic turn yellow?