Surely every car lover (and not only him) paid attention to the fact that many trucks and tractors in the United States have an elongated "nose". Domestic and most European cars of this class have nothing like this. Why do American road trains look like this? What is the secret of their design and do they really need such a long, elongated shape.
Tractors with a bonnet body are the calling card of American truckers. In fact, the presence of a "nose" is explained quite simply. Unlike European trucks, American tractors are made in a classic layout. The engine here has its own place in the design, and does not hide under the cab at all, as in similar machines made at European factories. It would be much more important to ask why this is done in Europe exclusively by cabover tractors, while in the USA - bonneted ones.
The reason for this is the specifics of local roads and the operation of cars. In Europe, there are too many problematic, winding roads, as well as narrow roads and streets. This also gives rise to very stringent requirements for the maximum length of the road train. According to the Eurofur standard, a truck and a trailer cannot be 16.5 meters long. It is because of this rule that the "nose" of the cars was sacrificed by the designers of the tractors. In the United States, the situation with the rules is diametrically opposite, there are no such strict requirements for the length of the road train, and therefore most trucks here are bonnet.
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Interesting fact: Americans are so fond of bonneted trucks that they practically do not buy European models. This formal "taste" circumstance has become an insurmountable barrier for most European tractor manufacturers in terms of export to the American market.
Separately, it should be noted that the design layout has its own advantages. Trucks with a classic bonnet are easier to service. They are safer for the driver in the event of an accident, in addition, the removal of the engine in the nose allows you to make really spacious cabins. What American doesn't love the comforts of home on wheels? At the same time, European trucks are safer for those around them. They are easier to manage and consume less fuel.
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A source: https://novate.ru/blogs/080919/51672/