Today, an incredible amount of cargo is delivered by sea. For this, in particular, giant container ships are used, on the deck of which large metal boxes are made up. The loss of even one container is highly undesirable and will entail large losses. And so the question arises: why are these same containers not scattered in different directions during transportation by sea? What is the secret of these cargo ships and is there any at all.
The answer to this question is extremely simple! This is because the containers transported on a container ship are attached to the deck. It is this generally obvious solution that helps to protect the cargo from most problems and incidents during transportation.
Most often, a system called "twistlock" (from the English "twistlock") is used for fastening. In fact, this is a specific twist lock, the movable part of which fits into a kind of mounting rosette (special holes on the deck and at the corners of each container). Despite the seeming simplicity, "twistlock" provides high reliability of holding loads, including those stacked on top of each other.
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In addition, to fix containers on ships, various rods with turnbuckles are used - threaded tightening devices. They are needed not only so that containers do not fall, but also so that huge metal boxes do not begin to move in the horizontal plane of the ship's deck (or hold).
During loading of the vessel, each lower container is equipped with twist-lock locking mechanisms. They work automatically as soon as the next container is placed on top. Of course, for this kind of work, the movers actually need jewelry precision! For the containers to disconnect, the lock must be removed from the block state. This is done by pulling a small cable with a seal from the mounting socket.
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In the hold, containers are also fixed, although there, for obvious reasons, this is much easier to do. Most modern cargo ships have special guides in the hold that do not allow the cargo to "ride" without the use of any additional locking devices. However, for reliability, the lower tier, even in the hold, is fixed with twistlocks in the same way as on the deck.
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A source: https://novate.ru/blogs/190220/53491/