In almost all residential buildings built during the existence of the Soviet Union, staircases in the entrances are directed upwards in a counterclockwise direction. The railing is to the left of the one who rises to this or that floor. You have to go down in the reverse order, that is, clockwise. Accordingly, the railing is already to the right of the walking person.
A logical question arises: why was it built this way? Indeed, there must be some sense in this.
In fact, if you dig deep into the emergence of stairs as a necessary element of a multi-storey or multi-level structure, then history goes back far into the past - in the Middle Ages.
Even then, the builders realized that the position of the ladder, its direction can in one way or another affect the quality of ascent and descent. This feature, of course, had to be used. The people involved in construction work in those distant times had one single, but very important task - to provide reliable protection of the structure from attackers. Ladders were usually made twisting and always clockwise. The goal was to create the most uncomfortable conditions for those who would climb it.
Then, as now, most people were right-handed. Warriors were no exception. Based on this, during the siege of the structure and the ascent upwards, they did not have the normal ability to fully attack. It was very inconvenient to do this, moreover, it was dangerous in a clockwise direction of the staircase.
The picture looked roughly as follows. The staircase on the right constantly goes around the corner. At the same time, there is a steep cliff at hand. But the most interesting thing is that you have to attack with the same hand, right. To say that this is inconvenient is to say nothing. Going downstairs had many more advantages. They could move with their backs against the wall. They had excellent visibility and a large enough field of action. The defending side had minimal risk of falling into a cliff.
What principles were the builders of the Soviet era guided by?
In the buildings of the USSR, the stairs were twisted in the opposite direction to the described direction - not clockwise, but against. Why did they do this? Since no one was going to besiege the Khrushchev and Stalinist houses, seize them and attack the residents, the priorities were changed.
During the construction of houses and the installation of staircases, a different goal was pursued. People had to be able to quickly get out of the building in the event of a fire or other danger.
Therefore, the installation of the stairs was carried out in accordance with the standards adopted for emergency exits. In such cases, comfort on the descent is much more important than on the ascent. In this regard, it was necessary to maximally secure the descent of citizens in extreme conditions.
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Of course, it is much more convenient to go down if you can hold onto the railing with your hand. As a result, they decided to twist the stairs in the stairwells counterclockwise. Thus, residents were able to descend as quickly as possible in a clockwise direction, for convenience holding onto the built-in railing. As expected, the adaptation was also carried out for the majority - right-handers. Somehow this time they did not think about lefties either.
In the case of strong smoke in the room, it is much easier to determine by touch where the railing is located not with your left hand, but with your right hand. In some houses that are still in operation, but were built in Soviet times, you can also see "medieval" staircases that rise clockwise. The reasons for this discrepancy are unknown. Most likely, there was no exact prescription for the installation of stairs. Perhaps there were recommendations that not all and not always followed. But this is just an assumption. Who knows how things were in reality.
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It should be noted that most likely, the location of the stairs, its direction, throughout the building will be arranged in the same way. The fact is that when "mirroring" this element, you will have to create a new drawing, and this is additional time. Since the construction of houses was carried out at an accelerated pace, no one needed extra trouble. Everything depended on the designer - either clockwise or counterclockwise.
Want to know more, read. why in some Soviet houses made through entrances.
A source: https://novate.ru/blogs/310320/53974/