An interesting trend: the light in the apartment disappears, and many tenants do not even know what to do in such a situation. And it's good if 30 percent are firmly convinced that first of all it is necessary to look into the switchboard. What to do next? A simple instruction will help, if not solve the problem, then at least determine the type of malfunction.
The main elements of the switchboard
To know what to turn on or check, you must first understand the shield device.
Each shield consists of the following elements:
- The main bundle of 4 (3 "phases" and working "zero") or 5 (3 "phases", working "zero", ground wire) wires.
- Rows of circuit breakers.
- Electricity meters.
- Simple switches.
- Zero bus.
- Grounding bus. It is provided only in modern buildings, in high-rise buildings of the last century, grounding was used.
The easiest way to identify the ground bus is to attach it to rubber or plastic insulators. The grounding bus is most often attached simply to the shield body. The location of the phase wires has several other features.
How to trace the phase wires in the electrical room
In the flap, located on the staircase, usually two, less often - three "phases". After the phase wire comes out of the plastic pipe or metal hose, it is connected to the main switch. Such an installation is made specifically for the possibility of quickly relieving stress from the entire apartment - you just need to turn the switch until it clicks.
Important! According to all the rules, the main switch, like the electric meter, must be sealed. This operation is carried out specifically so that it is not possible to connect directly, bypassing the meter.
After the switch, the phase wires are connected to the electricity meters. Special seals are installed on both modern and older readers, which can change color or shape when using neodymium magnets - a very popular method of theft electricity.
After the counter, the phase wire expects the final straight - directly to the circuit breakers. The wires from the switches are routed to the consumer - to a certain apartment.
What cannot be done in the electrical room?
First, and this is the most important thing: you cannot repair anything in the electrical control room without first removing the voltage. Work under voltage can only be afforded by master electricians with long professional experience and rich experience behind them.
Secondly, you cannot independently connect to the working "phase" from another "phase", which is temporarily without voltage. Power engineers specifically calculate the load before wiring and such actions can lead to phase imbalance.
Thirdly, you can never forcibly hold an automatic if it is constantly knocked out. The device reacts to a short circuit or excessive heating of the wiring and functions accordingly. Forcing the device to delay will only lead to new faults in the wiring.