Protection of garlic (onion) -.. An integral part of the work in the garden, that is, to the plants susceptible to disease and is often affected by pests.
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How to protect the bulbs from the culture of fungal and bacterial diseases?
Depending on the type of fungal disease requires their protection measures:
- Neck rot. This is one of the most frequent diseases of the genus Allium. It is characterized by the formation of gray spots around the neck of the onion. To avoid damage to the crop helps putting into storage. For cleaning, choose a sunny day with no rain. Within 12 days of bulbs must be dried at + 24... + 27 ° C, and then 3 more days - at + 32... + 34 ° C. Before laying on storage onions are processed chalk.
- Peronosporosis. This disease is more commonly known as downy mildew. It is characterized by a grayish-purple bloom on the leaves, which leads to their extinction. Avoid mildew help warming up before planting Seva. As soon as the leaves reach 10-12 cm, the plant is treated with such a solution: 1 tbsp. l. copper oxychloride and liquid soap dissolved in 10 liters of water. If there are signs of powdery mildew, it is necessary to abandon irrigation and nitrogen application. Before laying the harvest for winter storage it should be thoroughly dried.
- Fusarium. The first signs of the disease - a softening of the stems. Gradually begin to die the roots, the leaves turn brown. This will help avoid the careful selection of planting material. Soil before planting should be treated with copper sulfate. The solution is prepared simply: 1 tbsp. l. sulfate dissolved in 10 liters of water. Diseased plants should be destroyed.
- Rust bulbous crops. The disease manifests itself in the appearance of the leaves yellow bumps that gradually turn black. It is recommended to warm before planting Onion. During the growing season plants are sprayed with a solution of copper oxychloride. Such treatments are done two times at weekly intervals.
Winter garlic is often affected by bacteria, resulting in Zubkov formed sores. Such bad teeth root and can not bear the winter. Help prevent the development of diseases etching planting material in a solution of copper sulphate and sodium chloride
How to deal with pests?
After May 15, is activated onion fly. It harms that lays eggs in the soil or onion flakes. From eggs larvae hatch, which penetrate into the bulb, causing them to rot and death of the plant.
To combat the fly using a daunting mixture prepared from wood ash (100 g), tobacco dust (1 tbsp. l.), black pepper (1 hr. l.). This amount is sufficient for processing of 1 sq. m of soil. After 5 days, the soil should be loosened.
To get rid of the flies will tobacco solution. It is prepared from tobacco dust (200 g), 2 liters of hot water. The solution was maintained for 2 days, add 8 l water, 1 tbsp. l. liquid soap, 1 hr. l. black pepper and mix well. Solution sprayed plants.
Another pest that attacks the onion culture - stem nematode. This invisible white worms. They penetrate the young plants, which gradually turn yellow. The bulbs are cracked, badly stored.
Recommended month before planting (or fall) to process the beds hydrated lime or chalk. A water the soil before planting brine - 3 tbsp. l. salt in 10 liters of water.
Optionally treat propagation material: it is necessary to hold the bulbs for 15 minutes in a salt solution - 3 tbsp. l. salt in 5 liters of water.
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