As a half-century ago look new "Khrushchev," which today is not only lazy scolds

  • Dec 24, 2019

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The most desirable accommodations in the middle of the last century.
The most desirable accommodations in the middle of the last century.

Now the "Khrushchev" does not criticize except that lazy, but just 50 years ago, they were a lifeline for millions of people. Indeed, in the difficult postwar years, people huddled in dugouts, old barracks and communal apartments. When it began building the city of the vast country of apartment buildings, which were designed separate apartments with private bathroom, the Soviet people were ecstatic.

Such "sockets" is very much in Europe.
Such "sockets" is very much in Europe.

Many people think that the same type of large-scale construction of prefabricated houses that received a popular nickname of "Khrushchev" - this is a purely Soviet invention. But this is not the case, the mastermind behind such an effective and rapid provision of the population of individual housing was the French architect Le Corbusier. Since he was a supporter of a complete rejection of minimalism and any excesses in the form of moldings, sculptures, spiers, columns and arches, the designed the house in accordance with a new concept: the construction of apartment buildings of prefabricated panels, glass and concrete. The form must necessarily be the destination, to be without any projecting facade elements and to use a simple color scheme.

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Panel houses in Amsterdam.
Panel houses in Amsterdam.
Affordable housing, created from the panels in Paris.
Affordable housing, created from the panels in Paris.
Some countries have the old prefab houses are trying to modernize.
Some countries have the old prefab houses are trying to modernize.

The first such house appeared in Amsterdam as early as 1923-1925, and is building immediately became very popular all over Europe. Already after the war, Stalin ordered the development and construction of affordable housing.

The first panel houses Khoroshevskoye Highway (1949).
The first panel houses Khoroshevskoye Highway (1949).

The first of these houses appeared in the Soviet Union in the years 1948-1954 on Khoroshevskoye highway and the October field (Moscow). This pilot project was headed by Konstantin Bashlai, the mass construction began in the days of of Khrushchev's rule, after the landmark Resolution "On elimination of excesses in the design and construction. "

The most desirable accommodations in the middle of the last century.
The most desirable accommodations in the middle of the last century.
The massive construction of affordable housing.
The massive construction of affordable housing.

Under the leadership of Vitaly Lagutenko construction of individual housing in 1958 for every Soviet family was put on stream. It's hard to believe, but the house is really "grew like mushrooms", because the assembly five-storey panel building took just... 12 days!

Houses were collected in just 12 days.
Houses were collected in just 12 days.

Original record was registered in Leningrad, where for the next anniversary of the revolution, Stakhanovite brigade has built a house for 5 days.

It looked like the "Khrushchev," which today is not only lazy scolds
It looked like the "Khrushchev," which today is not only lazy scolds

Considering the total savings projects to such an extent trying to reduce the cost of that to abandon the more practical pitched roofs of slate, from lifts (especially 5 constructed storey buildings), from refuse chutes and hot water (gas had to be used for heating of water column), and even of separate bathrooms.

"Khrushchev refrigerator" under the window in the kitchen.
"Khrushchev refrigerator" under the window in the kitchen.

Although built-in cabinets in the hallway or closet above the door opening, as well as a kind of refrigerator under the window in the kitchen was very helpful, the settlers used them to the full.

The inhabitants of the common kitchen communal (cartoon).
The inhabitants of the common kitchen communal (cartoon).
In such supply trucks we have lived for at that time.
In such supply trucks we have lived for at that time.

Even though some inconvenience regulated Soviet families were very happy when getting their own apartment, evicted from dilapidated barracks or overcrowded communal.

For many people, getting a separate apartment was a great happiness.
For many people, getting a separate apartment was a great happiness.

Especially, to make life easier in the new places were organized neighborhoods with fully fitted infrastructure, in which all It was within reach of the field - kindergartens and schools, hospitals and shops, pharmacies, laundries, catering and hairdressing, as well as many more.

Benches - izlyubelennoe place for get-togethers at all times.
Benches - izlyubelennoe place for get-togethers at all times.

And the courts do deserve special attention. Indeed, many were not only children's playgrounds, but also very real gardens or fountains, not to mention the infamous shops, which at all times sat curious grandmother.

Thanks to the panel houses the city grew like mushrooms.
Thanks to the panel houses the city grew like mushrooms.

As now, would not call this the old prefab houses and complained about the inconvenience and a small living space, but due to the fact that the powers that be still trying to ease the severe housing problem of the country, was built a huge number of prefabricated houses, which gave the roof over their heads to millions of people, the thus providing more or less prosperous life for its citizens, especially the infrastructure of organized districts pretty well there and this day.

Neighborhoods of prefabricated houses.
Neighborhoods of prefabricated houses.

Though some have called the "Khrushchev" slums, but they have not seen the real favelas. In Sochi, given the huge cost of land and housing, enterprising businessmen have managed to out of the ordinary garage build high-rise apartment buildings.

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A source: https://novate.ru/blogs/300918/47934/