The railway is far from being such a safe mode of transport as it might seem at first glance. Here there are pitfalls and rather disturbing features. One of these is the concept of "throw away". Most people have never even heard of such an incident. So it's time to figure out what this phenomenon is all the same.
In most cases, the temperature release of the track occurs when there is no train on the railway. However, if this happens before the passage of the train or on the section of the railway, along which the train is moving immediately at the time of the incident, then a terrible disaster cannot be avoided. The last time such an incident happened with the Aurora train was in 1988. What is it?
So, the temperature overshoot of the track is a change in the track as a result of the spontaneous discharge of the temperature voltage in the rails. Under the influence of the temperature difference, the rail is curved in width and length. Distortion reaches 0.3-0.5 meters and can occur over an area of 20 to 40 meters. The negative process takes just 0.2 seconds.
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In order to prevent this from happening, a gap must be left between the rails (at the junction) during the installation of railway tracks. The parameters of the protective gap are calculated based on the climatic conditions of the area where the railway passes. In addition, railroad tracks must be constantly checked by road employees. Most often, the track ejection occurs in hot weather on those sections of the road that either already have a representative age or were laid with errors.
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A source: https://novate.ru/blogs/010620/54725/