Good afternoon, my reader. The processing of onions and garlic, like any other garden crops, must be carried out not only in during the growing season, but also at the stages of seed preparation and storage harvest.
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Pre-sowing treatment
It consists in the selection and etching of the seedlings before planting with a weak (1-2%) solution of potassium permanganate dissolved in water. You can also use special products such as "Fitosporin" or "Topaz", which will help protect plants from many diseases.
If the set already has signs of any fungal infections, it can be treated immediately before planting with a solution of copper sulfate.
Vegetation period
Diseases of onions and garlic
If the preventive treatment of the seed was carried out correctly, the necessary watering regime, then the plants must remain healthy throughout the growing season. Otherwise, they can be susceptible to a number of diseases:
- White rot. Its signs: yellowing and dying off of greenery, the appearance of a white fluffy mycelium on the bulbs, wateriness and decay of the bulbous heads and teeth of garlic. A fungicide is used to combat the disease. If individual plants are affected, they are removed from the garden along with the basal earthy clod, since white rot can persist in the ground.
- Rust. It is characterized by the appearance of red spots on the leaves, due to which the leaves begin to turn black and then die off.
- Fusarium. Affects onions - the onion becomes soft and begins to rot.
Alas, it is possible to protect plants from rust and fusarium only at the stage of pre-sowing preventive treatment of the seed. - Alternaria. It provokes the appearance of watery spots on the leaves, which soon grow and darken. Further, the defeat of the bulb occurs. Such a plant is removed, and those that remain are sprayed with a mixture of copper sulfate and soap shavings diluted in water.
- Peronosporosis. It is characterized by the appearance of light spots on the feathers of the onion, which further leads to the death of the entire plant. If the disease is at an initial stage, the plants are treated with a fungicide of the "OxyHOM" type.
Obviously, most of the diseases of garlic and onion are easier to prevent than to treat the plants later. It is necessary to take a responsible approach to the preparation of planting material and its preventive treatment. You should also follow the rules for growing these crops: control crop rotation, dig up the land, monitor the maintenance of the necessary moisture in the beds - garlic and onions do not like it when it is too high. The same measures are applicable to prevent damage to plants by various pests.
Pest control
Huge harm to garlic and onions, as well as to other garden crops, is caused by harmful insects and microorganisms. You can fight them both with the help of folk remedies and using special chemicals such as "Mukhoeda", "Aktara", "Alatara", "Alitoma", "Fitoverma". Moreover, chemicals can be used strictly only in the first half of summer.
It is noteworthy that special chemicals and folk remedies are selected to combat a specific type of pest. For example:
- Prevention of the appearance of onion flies is carried out by regularly treating the row spacing with tobacco dust (can be mixed with ash) or using a solution of birch tar.
- Treatment of ridges with an insecticide of the "Iskra" type will save from onion moth attacks.
- Medvedka can be chased away with soapy water or chemicals "Medvetox", "Thunder", "Grizzly".
Harvest preparation for storage
At this stage, onions with garlic can also be affected by various diseases and pests, as well as simply disappear as a result of improper preparation for storage and non-compliance with the required conditions.
The first stage of preparation for storage is drying. The crop is dried under good ventilation at + 20-25 ° C. Then it should be stored in a room with a temperature of 0 to 4 degrees, with a humidity of no more than 65% (for garlic) and 70-80% (for onions).
Next, a storage location is prepared. For example, a cellar is disinfected with a bleach solution. The room can also be fumigated with a sulfur stick.
To prevent mold, onions and garlic should be periodically sorted out and sprinkled with ash and chalk. And so that they are not struck by bacteriosis, it is necessary to process the beds 3 weeks before harvesting by spraying them with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid.
Compliance with these conditions will ensure long-term preservation of the crop. Moreover, onions and garlic can be stored without losing their properties until next season.
Do you process garlic and onions for disease prevention?
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