Pruning is a must-have for plant care. The health of the seedling, the shape of the crown, and the amount of harvest depend on it.
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The benefits of pruning
Pruning is very stressful for plants. But despite this, it has a number of advantages:
- awakens dormant kidneys;
- stimulates the active growth of shoots;
- promotes plant rejuvenation;
- improves fruiting.
If the event is carried out incorrectly, cutting off most of the crown, then the tree will come to its senses for a long time, you may not get a harvest in the same season.
Features of the reaction of plants
The type of pruning, which is called shortening, leads to the formation and active development of young shoots. In the process, the top of the branch is cut off. As a result, the amount of incoming nutrients remains the same, and the area consumed is reduced.
An overabundance of useful elements leads to the fact that:
- the branches become thicker and stronger;
- they are actively growing;
- dormant kidneys are activated.
Thinning is carried out in the following way:
- cut into the ring;
- on the side branch;
- on the inner and outer kidney;
Cut into the ring
With this method, a whole branch is removed. After that, the redistribution of food is carried out between the buds of the branches above the cut. After the procedure, there is practically no noticeable increase.
The cut into the ring is applied to the shoots:
- broken;
- weak;
- not fruiting.
Side branch trimming
The task of the method is to make a side branch out of the main branch, and later - the main branch. This is how the crown is limited and its height decreases.
The cut is made above the branch and in such a way that it turns out to be directed parallel to the growth of the lateral shoot and is its continuation.
After cutting, when an increased amount of nutrients are obtained, tops are formed. They are removed to the ring.
Pruning for inner and outer bud
This method is used to shorten annual shoots. To make a cut, 2 mm recede from the base of a well-developed kidney. At the same time, make sure that the angle of inclination is 45o.
If the outside is chosen, then the branch grows horizontally. So the crown is cut and expanded. They are made for those trees for whom it is too thick.
When pruning with an inner bud, the shoots develop in a vertical direction. Thus, the lower tier of branches is raised and the center of the spreading trees is strengthened.
Branch growth direction
If the main branch grows vertically, then the apical shoots from those buds that are adjacent to it are formed stronger. Its growth is made horizontal by trimming and folding. Then the kidneys gradually awaken along the entire length. They begin to form shoots.
The apices are the weakest. However, it is on them that the fruits are formed.
How long are the trimming done?
Active growth and development of shoots depends on the length of the pruning.
Branches growing at the same angle are cut to the maximum permissible length, activating intensive growth.
After cutting all the shoots to the same length, the shoots located above the cut develop best.
The thicker the branch, the better it responds to pruning.
How to carry out the procedure correctly
Pruning is carried out both in the autumn period, before the dormant stage begins, and in the spring, before the onset of active growth.
The procedure is carried out with a carefully crafted, sharp instrument.
After the event, the wound is closed with garden varnish. This will protect the cut from microorganisms and insects.
However, some experienced gardeners believe that the drug prevents oxygen from reaching the wound. Instead, they use:
- gum rosin;
- medical turpentine;
- beeswax.
Thanks to the correct pruning, the trees not only acquire a well-groomed appearance, but also rejuvenate and begin to actively bear fruit.
Do you know how to properly carry out the procedure for pruning plants?
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