"Degtyareva-Shpagin large-caliber" - perhaps the most formidable machine gun of the Second World War with sides of the Soviet Union, which for many decades survived the worst military conflict in history humanity. What is really there, the DShK is successfully used to this day. It is interesting that its considerable age, caliber and high efficiency make this formidable machine gun from the USSR related to its overseas relative from the United States - the M2 Browning machine gun.
The first Soviet large-caliber machine gun was not created to fight the infantry. The technical assignment for the design bureaus of the USSR required the creation of a machine gun for the army to effectively combat enemy aircraft at a distance of up to 1,500 meters. The development was entrusted to Vasily Alekseevich Degtyarev, who at the time of 1932 was already a very famous gunsmith. Moreover, in the same year, Degtyarev was able to immediately present his test sample of an anti-aircraft machine gun for a 12.7 mm caliber. The design basis for the new weapon was the same as that of the DP-28 light machine gun (Infantry Degtyarev) that appeared in 1928. Therefore, a small-scale production of a large-caliber DC was launched before the end of 1932.
True, the army quickly abandoned the machine gun and in 1935 the DK was removed from the production line. During operational tests, a representative number of shortcomings in the heavy machine gun of Degtyarev were revealed: too heavy, too cumbersome and frankly inconvenient to handle. The weapons were sent for revision, and the already released DKs were sent from the army to warehouses in the "bins of the Motherland". At the same time, another famous Soviet gunsmith, Georgy Semenovich Shpagin, was connected to the development of the machine gun. So DK turned into DShK. By 1938, the original design was significantly improved, and in 1939, after military trials, the new machine gun entered service with the Red Army.
DShK were produced at the Kovrov Mechanical Plant. Before the start of World War II, not so many machine guns were made - only about 2 thousand copies. The main reason for this was that the DShK was positioned primarily as an anti-aircraft auxiliary means. According to the state of the division (in 1935, the rifle division was 10-13 thousand people) relied on only 9 DShK. Much more active DShK were mounted on escort boats, as well as anti-aircraft and reconnaissance vehicles (including armored vehicles). During the war, the production of heavy machine guns was significantly increased. Several new modifications of the DShK appeared, including a tank model for installation on a turret. At the time of 1944, the troops already had almost 10 thousand of these 12.7-mm machine guns.
Since the DShK had a serious caliber, it was used at the front not only as an anti-aircraft gun, but also as a heavy machine gun. It was possible to hit with it, including armored vehicles and even light tanks of the enemy. The machine gun turned out to be incredibly effective, and therefore continued to be produced after the Second World War. A simple and reliable design, coupled with an impressive caliber, made the DShK such a relevant weapon that the machine gun is used in the army of Russia and a number of other countries to this day. The sighting range of modern models reaches 3.5 km, which makes it possible to convert the DShK, including into a sniper weapon. The rate of fire of the machine gun reaches 1200 rounds per minute. The ammunition supply is carried out from belts for 50 rounds.
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A source: https://novate.ru/blogs/270121/57575/
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