Agricultural waste (straw, husk, husk, tops, etc.), which is biological mass (BM), is an important renewable energy source. According to American experts, the energy that can be obtained from such waste in the United States is almost equal to the energy spent on agriculture.
According to the forecasts of Soviet scientists, the full use of biomass waste for fuel production in the USSR could replace 100 million tons of crude oil.
In Europe, the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in 1995 accounted for 74.3 million tonnes of oil equivalent (toe), or about 6% of total primary energy consumption (TPES). Of these, biomass accounted for 60% of the total contribution of renewable energy sources.
Agricultural waste, the bulk of which is straw, is one of the main sources of BM.
Denmark is currently the world leader in the use of straw for energy purposes. In this country, back in 1998. more than 8000 farm installations with a capacity of up to 1 MW, 62 thermal power plants with a capacity of 1-10 MW, 9 integrated (heat + electricity) - CHP plants, which consumed about 1 mln. straw tone.
In order to obtain heat energy in Europe, straw is used by Austria, Sweden, Finland and France.
The total amount of straw in Denmark in 1991 amounted to 6.3 million tons. Of these, 36.5% went to the needs of agriculture, 12.5% was used as fuel, the surplus of straw was 48%, and it is seen as a potential for expanding energy using BM.
Straw is the main source of BM in Ukraine. As of 1995, the amount of cereal straw in Ukraine was 40.31 million tons. Using 20% of the total straw collection for energy purposes can be replaced by 126.6 PJ, or 4.3 million tons of fuel equivalent. / year (about 2% of the total consumption of primary energy resources in Ukraine in 1995).
In the Russian Federation, the annual harvest of grain crops ranges from 80 to 100 million tons. The biological ratio of straw and grain for wheat, buckwheat and peas is 1.5; winter rye - 2.0; spring wheat and oats - 1.3; barley - 1.2. Taking this ratio on average equal to 1.5, the amount of straw with an average annual grain harvest of 90 million tons will be: 1.5 × 90 = 135 million tons / year.
Part of the straw (20-30%) remains in the stubble and is lost during harvesting. Then the marketable amount of straw will be: 0.7 × 135 = 95 million tons / year. Of these, about 50% is used in agriculture (for fodder and bedding for livestock, for fertilizers and other needs). The surplus straw that can be used for energy production will be 0.5 × 95 = 47.5 mln. t / year. (In 1986 g. in the RSFSR, the straw yield was 118.0 million tons, the surplus was 53.1 million tons).
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