Why do ladders
The structure is installed in the showers of the construction design. This is a structure with a floor sloping towards the ladder. Thanks to this, the water does not stagnate, but goes directly into the sewer. Visually, such a shower looks "lighter" and more stylish than conventional factory-assembled cabins. It is showers with a small or completely missing pallet that are considered a sign of modern design renovation. Also, a floor drain is a convenient option for people with disabilities, in strollers who find it difficult to use a standard shower or bath.
Why are traps banned?
The structure cannot be installed in apartments for two engineering reasons:
1. The ladder is installed in a closed way, that is, it is poured with a solution, and then covered with tiles. Water is discharged through pipes, however, if a leak occurs in the communications, it will not work just like that to repair the structure. We'll have to disassemble the tiled pallet, otherwise the liquid will leak and drip through the ceiling into the apartment from below. From an engineering point of view, a gangway is acceptable only if there are hidden maintenance hatches under it. However, they are often neglected, especially in amateur renovations.
2. When using a shower, an increased load is applied to the floor slabs. To ensure normal drainage, it is necessary to make the floor sloped, that is, raise it to a height of 10-25 cm. The screed is poured with concrete, although not completely, but the concrete slabs in apartment buildings are not designed for such a weight. It should also be borne in mind that finding the desired pipe in concrete is a difficult task, and while this happens, it is easy to flood the lower floors.
What the legislation says
According to the legislation, the construction in the shower is considered a redevelopment, which must be approved by the BTI. Otherwise, there will be problems with the sale of the apartment, or even during its operation, if you accidentally flood your neighbors or call a plumber. An inspector will come to the apartment, fine and prescribe to return the shower to its original state.
If you purchased a home with a similar drainage system, the first step is to make sure that the redevelopment is legal. The situation is possible if the sale and purchase was formalized without a mortgage and additional control by the bank. Or the technical plan of housing at the time of the transaction was no more than 5 years old. To find out for sure, send a request to the BTI. If you get a registration certificate with black lines, the redevelopment is legalized, with red lines, the changes are not approved. In this case, you, as the new owner, will have to pay a fine and redo communications.
Is it possible to legitimize the ladder
The first step is to provide unhindered access to plumbing and piping. But it is important not to fill the pipes with concrete, but to raise the structure to a pedestal, under which to lay communications. The floor must be removable (you can make a pallet) so that in the event of a gust of water you do not have to waste time breaking tiles and screeds. You can also take a factory pallet and set it flush with the floor without rims. Another option is constructions "recessed" into the floor or products on legs without a shower cabin. The main thing is that the pallet can be easily removed.
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Where traps are allowed
In private homes, there are no restrictions on the installation of shower drains. Also, the prohibition does not apply to apartments, since the building is of a non-residential type. In this case, you still need to correctly design the shower and provide quick access to communications. However, if the building has at least a couple of apartments with the status of apartments, the building becomes residential and, accordingly, ladders are prohibited.
Thus, shower drains are considered redevelopment. It is important to coordinate their construction with the BTI, and then add them to the apartment plan. Permission can be obtained only in the case of installing a removable pallet and laying inspection hatches. Ladders in the shower are completely safe for people, the reason for the ban lies only in the engineering and technical requirements for apartment buildings. In the private sector and apartments, structures can be installed without any problems. We also recommend reading about 5 ways to place a washing machine in a small bathroom.
A source: https://novate.ru/blogs/230321/58295/
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