If the grapes were placed in the wrong place or if the garden is being redesigned, a culture transfer may be required. The transplant is usually carried out in the fall. If all manipulations are carried out in accordance with the rules of agricultural technology, you can save all the shoots and not harm the productivity of the vine.
When is the best time to start a transplant
In autumn, it is necessary to replant the plant after the foliage has fallen, which in many regions often coincides with the arrival of the first frost. Grape transplant terms:
- in the Central lane and the Moscow region - early October;
- in Siberia and the Urals - at the end of September;
- in the southern regions - late October or early November.
Site selection
The choice of a suitable place is the key to the rapid development of the vine and abundant fruiting. The grapes cannot be transplanted to the place where there was a removed bush, as well as to the soil, which was fertilized with compost containing the leaves or vines of this culture.
In order for the grapes to give a good harvest, not to get sick and to be strong, it is necessary to provide them with suitable conditions:
- The site must be well lit. It is impossible for him to be in the shade of buildings during the day.
- There should be no berry bushes and fruit trees at a distance of 3 meters.
- Eliminate drafts.
- It is desirable that the soil is well-drained, and the depth of the groundwater is at least 1 meter. This culture does not tolerate stagnant moisture.
- The acidity should be neutral. Very acidic or alkaline earths are not suitable.
The culture is not very demanding on soil fertility, but yield decreases on depleted soils. If the soil is too dense and clayey, it is enriched with manure and peat. Compost, humus, peat or humus are added to the sandy soil.
Transplanting a crop in the fall to a new location
Transplanting includes site preparation, plant digging and planting itself. If done correctly, the grapes will easily tolerate this procedure.
Site preparation
The wells need to be prepared one month before the intended transplant. When digging planting holes, a distance of 2 m between them must be observed.The depth of the hole should be from 60 cm. A mixture is poured into the finished well, consisting of:
- 10 kg of black soil;
- 5 kg of humus;
- 250 g of wood ash;
- 250 g superphosphate.
After that, each hole is watered abundantly with water. Then add more soil mixture so that about 40 cm remains to the edge of the pit. After that, the hole is watered again.
How to properly dig a grape bush
Bushes can be dug up in several ways. During work, you need to use only disinfected bushes.
About a week before digging, you need to stop watering so that the earth has time to dry out, but not completely dry out. During the extraction of biennial plants with an earthen lump, you need to retreat about 30 cm from the trunk. In this case, the height of the coma should be approximately 60 cm. Before planting a bush in a new place, it should be cut to 3 buds.
The root system of three-year-old plants goes deeper into the ground, so the distance from the trunk should be about 50 cm, and the digging depth should be 80-90 cm. In this case, 5 kidneys should be left.
When pruning, all cut points must be immediately treated with garden varnish. This will prevent infection from entering the plant.
Partially exposed roots
This method of digging is absolutely identical to the previous one. Part of the earthen coma that covers the root system may crumble if:
- the soil is very dry;
- too overgrown roots, because of which the earth did not completely cover them.
After digging, trimming of the stems and sleeves is also performed. It is also necessary to cut off damaged roots.
With completely exposed roots
This method of extracting a plant from the soil is usually used for mature plants that are 40 years old or more. The bush must be dug out at a distance of 50 cm. The earth ball is shaken off, gently tapping on the trunk. It is important here not to damage it.
The roots are cut to 30 cm, after which they are processed with garden pitch. Before planting a bush, the rhizome must be dipped in a clay mash.
Landing scheme
It is also advisable to dip the roots in a growth stimulator before planting. After this procedure, the sequence of actions is as follows:
- The seedling is placed on a poured earthen mound in the planting pit.
- The roots are gently straightened.
- The planting hole is filled with earth to half.
- Pour a bucket of water into it and wait for the moisture to be absorbed.
- After that, the pit is filled up, leaving 10 cm to the soil surface.
- Repeated watering is carried out. When the water is absorbed, the remaining depression is completely filled up.
Post-transplant care
In order for the harvest to always be rich, it is necessary not only to properly transplant the plants, but also to provide the necessary care for the culture. The soil should be weeded, loosened and fertilized regularly.
Fertilization terms:
- plants need nitrogen during the active set of green mass;
- potassium and phosphorus are applied in early spring, before the leaves bloom;
- calcium nitrate is fed to grapes before flowering to strengthen the root system.
For watering, it is advisable to make a recess in the form of a hole around the trunk. Watering is necessary as the soil dries out.
In order for the vine to develop normally, it should be tied up on a support. Pruning is carried out only after the plant reaches three years of age. By winter, the vine is removed from the support and carefully laid on the ground, after which it is insulated.
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