To improve fruiting and make the grapes stronger, they are periodically grafted. There are different ways of this agronomic procedure.
What are the features of vaccination in the fall
The plant becomes more resistant to droughts, soil salinity and moisture. Its yield increases. The size of the fruit becomes larger, and more berries appear on the bunches.
If the grape bush is old, rejuvenation occurs, its lifespan increases.
The disadvantages of vaccination include:
- poor quality fusion of rootstock and scion;
- possible death of the bushes.
Also, grafted plantings can be fragile. They are more capricious, and they need more careful care.
In the fall, it is best to plant grapes at the end of the growing season. It's about October or November. The ground temperature must be at least 10 degrees Celsius.
Why vaccination is needed
Gardeners make it to replace a variety without planting a seedling. Also, grafting is done if the plant no longer gives fresh shoots.
The procedure allows:
- propagate expensive or rare grape varieties;
- improve the appearance and taste of berries;
- to inoculate several different types of shanks;
- increase the tolerance of grapes to acidic, arid, calcareous soil.
Features of the preparation of the stock and scion
The mother bush must be carefully cut, leaving a bole about 10 cm high. It is necessary that the cut be cleaned of dirt and rot. The headquarters should be cleaned of dirt and bark, and also treated with a solution of copper sulfate 1%. Further, when working with it, only sterile instruments are used.
Cuttings are harvested based on the rules:
- the procedure is carried out before frost;
- choose a bush with good yields;
- scions are cut into 15-20 cm long;
- on each of the shafts, several eyes are left without stepsons and mustaches;
- The shanks are kept in a solution of "Heteroauxin" for 24 hours (0.1 g of the product per 1 liter of water).
After that, the scions need to be dried and treated with paraffin. So the cutting will be protected from drying out, and the survival rate will improve. The shafts should be dipped in liquid paraffin, and then immediately into water at room temperature.
Most effective vaccination method
The stem is a small part of the trunk up to 15 cm long. This part is located just above the root. Vaccination is performed in this bole. The method is used when it is not necessary to form its own root system in the scion.
A pruner or a sharp knife must first be defended in alcohol or manganese solution. After such treatment, the tool must not be placed on the ground. You will also need a bandage, copper sulfate, twine and a hammer.
Further, the following procedure should be followed:
- Cut the shafts taken at the bottom of the stem.
- Make a similar cut on the other side of the cutting. As a result, you should get a double-sided wedge with a length of up to 4 cm at a distance of about 1 cm from the lower kidney.
- Immediately immerse the cuttings with the cut end in water.
- Make a split with an ax in the trunk. Its depth should correspond to the length of the cut part of the scion. Or you can put a screwdriver in the center of the saw cut and hammer in with a hammer to the desired length. The cuttings should be inserted into the hole so that the lower bud is outside, and the cambial layers of the rootstock and scion overlap.
If the scion has a large diameter, another shank can be inserted into it. The space that remains is clogged with toilet paper soaked in water. The graft and stock must be tightly connected with a bandage, elastic film or fabric strip. You can also add twine.
To preserve moisture and the structure is protected from frost, the place is additionally protected with clay and cloth. Near the bush, you need to loosen and water the soil. When the water is absorbed, the bole of the bush is covered with earth so that the grafting site is above the surface. A plastic bottle is placed on the stem. The neck must first be cut off.
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