Have you ever seen how trains turn? Surely only a few have become witnesses of such an event, from which at the time it is generally doubted that the trains can do this! In fact, they do it as best they can, though they do it only with the help of special objects of the railway infrastructure. Moreover, there are three ways to deploy a train on rails at once.
Today, most diesel and electric locomotives, with the exception of the so-called shunting machines, have two control cabins (front and rear) thanks to which, in fact, the "turn" is carried out tractor. However, along with diesel and electric locomotives, steam locomotives, which do not have a double cab, still remain in service on the railway. For their turns, as well as for turning shunting vehicles, special means are needed, which are of three types.
1. A loop
Perhaps the easiest and most commonplace way for trains to make a U-turn is the loop. The name speaks for itself. At the station, a turning point is simply made, where the railroad bed is laid in a loop, goes around in a circle and returns to the main track. True, today the loops at railway stations are mostly either decommissioned or completely dismantled. This happens due to their irrelevance: the loops occupy a very large area, and the number of trains requiring this method of turning is becoming less and less.
2. Triangle
Strictly speaking, it is a railway triangle. This type of infrastructure is used not only in relation to trains. It is also used for trams. The essence of this way of turning is also quite simple: the rail tracks are connected in the form of a triangle. First, the train moves in one turn, then the turn is shifted and the train backs up, drives into a dead end. There, the arrow is transferred again, after which the train begins to move forward.
3. Turntable
Finally, the most fun and entertaining way to turn trains! This device is correctly called "whirlpool". True, today there are fewer and fewer of them. Back in Soviet times, gyres were present in almost every locomotive depot. Today they are closed and disposed of due to the complexity of maintenance and banal uselessness, because there are fewer and fewer trains in need of them. The reversal works are quite simple. In fact, it is a hefty turntable, on which the train is driven, and then rotated 360 degrees.
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If you want to know even more interesting things, then you should read about why at railway crossings in Russia drivers have to wait much longerthan in Europe.
A source: https://novate.ru/blogs/230521/59101/
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