Those who lived and studied in the Soviet Union probably remember that in those days there were special desks in schools. - with a sloping table top and a one-piece structure that did not allow changing the distance between the seat and table. However, a few decades ago, they began to be abandoned, and not so long ago they were suddenly remembered, wishing that they would again take a place in the classrooms. And this decision is no coincidence, because Erisman's inclined desk, which was invented a century and a half ago, was and remains the most comfortable and safe furniture for students to study.
In fairness, it should be noted that a similar design of tables existed for a very long time: the first prototypes of such furniture appeared in the Renaissance, and later it was transformed into a desk or secretaire, and only then into a school desk. In 1865, a Swiss doctor named Farner presented a drawing of school furniture in one of his works, and it is believed that it was on their basis that Erisman had already proposed his concept.
Fedor Fedorovich Erisman is a Russian-Swiss hygienist known in the second half of the nineteenth century. He was only 28 years old when he published his scientific work "The influence of schools on the origin of myopia": on her pages, he presented an analysis of the dependence of the development of eye and bodily diseases on the wrong position of the student for table. Based on his own ideas and research results, he created new furniture, which, with its correct design, would provide comfortable conditions for the student for writing, reading, drawing.
Among the design features of Erisman's single desk, first of all, it is worth highlighting a special the slope of its tabletop - it was positioned in such a way that the text could only be read under a straight line angle. In addition, the scientist, who has devoted many years to the treatment of eye diseases, took into account the optimal reading distance - 30-40 centimeters. It turned out that the student who sits at such a desk is simply devoid of the need to slouch.
Quite quickly, Erisman's desk was introduced into the educational institutions of pre-revolutionary Russia. True, it was rather expensive to produce it, so in those days it was mainly used in elite schools and gymnasiums. However, the history of this unique school furniture did not end there: just a few years later, St. Petersburg student Pyotr Feoktistovich Korotkov decided to improve the concept of Erisman: the desk became two-seater, and he also came up with the idea of equipping it with a hinged lid, hooks for briefcases and a shelf for textbooks under countertop. The tabletop itself has undergone changes: it was Korotkiy who decided to place on it recesses for inkwells and two grooves for a pen and a pencil.
After the October Revolution, a lot has changed in the country, but this did not particularly affect school desks: in Soviet schools, they continued to use Erisman's inclined desks. Despite the fact that several decades have passed, they continued to be relevant due to their exceptional functionality and safety for the health of students: the design of the school desks made it possible to maintain correct posture and not interfere with the work of a neighbor, as well as the absence of sharp corners, protruding parts of fasteners significantly reduced the risk of injury to the child in class.
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For more than five decades, the desks of the pre-revolutionary doctor Fyodor Fedorovich Erisman were widely used in Soviet schools, however later they began to be replaced by furniture of other designs, although for some time the old tables continued to be used in elementary classes schools. It seemed that Erisman's desks had been forgotten for good, but not so long ago, domestic officials thought about the return of good old furniture to classrooms, which no one could surpass for all a century and a half existence.
In addition to the topic: Classes without walls and no teachers: 8 schools with non-standard approaches to education
A source: https://novate.ru/blogs/030621/59235/
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