What Soviet cannon was called "Farewell, Motherland!" and why

Almost all participating countries during the Second World War at least half updated their arsenal. Already in the middle of the conflict, new and more advanced models of equipment, small arms and artillery began to appear. At the same time, the war was met, including with a fairly old weapon that was outdated by the summer of 1941. One of these can be safely considered a cannon, which Soviet soldiers "affectionately" nicknamed "Farewell, Motherland!"

Legendary Forty-heel. | Photo: broneboy.ru.

Nicknames "Farewell, Motherland" and "Death to the enemy - the end of the calculation!" The Red Army men with all military responsibility appropriated a 45-mm anti-tank gun of the 1937 model. On the one hand, the weapon was, to put it mildly, not the oldest. Created "Sorokapyatka" at the plant in Podlipki by installing a 45-mm cannon barrel on a German carriage of a 37-mm cannon model 1931, purchased under license from the German concern Rheinmetall. In total, at the time of 1941, 7.4 thousand of these guns were made in the USSR.

At the time of the late 1930s, it was a very formidable weapon. The cannon could fire armor-piercing blanks, as well as charges with buckshot and special fragmentation grenades against infantry. All this made Sorokapyatka a very versatile tool on the battlefield. The effective firing range was up to 850 meters. The gun weighed relatively little. In a combat position, its weight was 560 kg. In the stowed position, the mass grew to 1.2 tons. The calculation of the gun was 4 people. Experienced gunners could fire this semi-automatic gun from 15 to 20 rounds per minute.

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At the start of World War II, the 45-mm anti-tank gun remained a very formidable weapon. It made it possible to very effectively fight both German tanks and German infantry. However, the calculations of these guns in the first year of the war suffered heavy losses. There were several reasons for this. First, the gun was extremely vulnerable due to its small effective firing range. Most often, the firefight was carried out at a distance of 350-500 meters. Secondly, the Sorokapyatki started the war with a large number of defective blank ammunition. According to some data, marriage took place in 40-50% of all cases. The problem was resolved only by the beginning of August 1941. Thirdly, the high level of training of anti-tank gunners was not always affected. Hence, a very ambiguous attitude of the soldiers to the gun was born.

If you want to know even more interesting things, then you should read about how in American cinema they talk about "45 caliber": what is it really equal to.
A source: https://novate.ru/blogs/050721/59652/

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