Budenovka is one of the symbols of the army of workers and peasants, named after S. M. Budyonny, who commanded the First Cavalry Army of the Red Army. There were other names for her: "frunzevka", "bogatyrka". The first name is associated with the surname M. V. Frunze, and the second headdress was given because outwardly it looks like the helmets of the heroes of Ancient Russia. But having existed for some time, Budenovka in the army was canceled, and there were reasons for this.
1. What was Budyonovka
01/16/1919 an order was issued according to which Budyonovka looked like a cloth peaked helmet, sewn from 6 pieces of a triangular shape and having a cotton lining. The color of the headgear is protective. In addition, there was a stitched oval-shaped visor and a double-folded backplate, the ends of which were elongated and fastened with 2 buttons on both sides. If the need arose, for example, when it was cold or the wind was blowing, it could be unscrewed and lowered, covering the ears as well as the neck. A five-pointed star was sewn on the front, also made of cloth. Each branch of the army had its own color. There were six variations in total: infantrymen - crimson, cavalrymen - blue, artillery - orange, aviation - blue, border guards - green, engineering troops - black.
From the beginning of the summer of 1922 both army men and Chekists began to wear Budyonovka. Initially, the Chekists wore a dark blue headdress, and the star was dark green. A year later, Budyonovka itself has already become black, and the star on it is crimson. In the same year, they began to attach a cockade over the star. It was a copper star, red in color, on which a sickle and a hammer were depicted.
All the time that the headdress existed, it was modified several times, although the changes were minor. The form and appearance as a whole remained unchanged. There were no analogues of Budyonovka anywhere in the world.
2. Who owns the copyright
After the collapse of the USSR, the myth that Budyonovka appeared in 1915 became popular on its former territory. It was created directly for the victory parade of the imperial army in Berlin and Constantinople. Those who adhere to this hypothesis say that the first headdresses of this type were taken from army warehouses that existed under the king, and the star was sewn on top of the double-headed eagle. However, this is not documented in any way.
05/07/1918 The People's Commissariat announced a competition to create a model of a new uniform for the Red Army. Among the participants were well-known artists: M. D. Ezuchevsky, B. M. Kustodiev, V. M. Vasnetsov, S. T. Arkadyevsky. This fact is evidenced by detailed documents signed by L. B. Trotsky.
3. Why was Budyonovka canceled?
Despite the fact that between 1919 and (April) to 1922 (February) this headdress was considered as all-season, in fact it was intended from the very beginning for colder periods. Since 1922 until the end of spring 1924 there was another option - summer. These budenovkas did not have a lapel and were sewn from cotton fabric or a light gray tent linen. Then such a Budyonovka was replaced with a cap.
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When the Finnish war began, this headdress did not cope with its task. In conditions of very low temperatures, it turned out to be useless. This influenced the decision of the People's Commissar of Defense of the Soviet Union. There 07/05/1940 Order No. 187 was signed, according to which the traditional earflaps came to replace the Budenovka. In reality, the army men wore Budyonovka until the end of 1941. Sometimes it could be found among soldiers in 1944-1945.
Well, in the 1950s, Budyonovka has already become a kind of revolutionary symbol. She often met in the cinema and not only. Today, this headdress has become a fairly sought-after souvenir. Foreign citizens willingly buy it as a memory of their stay in Russia.
Continue reading on the topic why on the Red Army Budyonovka the stars differed in color.
A source: https://novate.ru/blogs/011021/60722/