Garlic, if agrotechnical rules are not followed, can be subject to various diseases. Today I will talk about the main fungal and viral diseases, pests attacking garlic beds and fighting them.
Causes of ailments
Diseases appear due to the following factors:
- violation of the rules of crop rotation;
- discrepancy between the level of humidity of air and soil;
- poor handling at the end of the harvest;
- ignoring the processing of soil and planting material;
- thickening in plantings;
- watering with low-quality liquid.
Major garlic diseases and treatments
There are two types of diseases that affect garlic:
- viral - caused by viruses living in the soil and stored in culture cells;
- fungal - are caused by fungal spores wintering in last year's leaves, harvested crops and in the topsoil.
fungal diseases
These ailments are mostly curable and can be avoided in the initial phase of development with improved cultivation conditions and timely fertilization.
Fusarium rot
The disease is common in southern regions with hot summers. The spores hibernate in the soil, and when warm weather sets in, they begin to function actively. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate the soil with high quality during its preparation in autumn and spring. Planting material must be intact, since any bacterium can penetrate the damage.
The appearance of Fusarium on garlic can be determined by the following signs:
- leaves become sluggish;
- the appearance of yellowness on the leaves and their drying;
- the stems are covered with brown stripes;
- pink plaque forms in the sinuses;
- heads soften.
From vegetative plants, it is necessary to cut off the affected parts and spray with the Mikosan-V biological product (100 ml / 3 l of liquid).
Peronosporosis
The disease is actively manifested in areas with high humidity.
Main features:
- yellowness on the leaves and their drying;
- growth retardation.
Damaged parts of the culture should be removed. Young garlic is treated with Bordeaux liquid (1%). During the development period, treatment is carried out using the drug "Polyhom" (20 g / bucket of water). The solution is enough to process 100 sq. m.
Aspergillosis
The spores of the fungus persist in the ground and on the remains of vegetation. The risk of disease occurs when the leaves at elevated temperatures are in a moist state for 6-7 hours.
Aspergillosis symptoms:
- the formation of dark gray spots on the scales of the bulbs;
- softening of the teeth;
- rotten lobules.
The plant is treated with Bordeaux liquid (1%). Processing is carried out no later than three weeks before harvesting the fruit.
Rust
Signs of manifestation:
- the appearance of yellowish lines on the foliage;
- leaf death.
Plants are treated with copper sulphate (1%). It is possible to carry out treatment with the drug "Hom" interspersed with tar soap (20 g of the substance / 5 l of liquid and soap in the amount of 20 g. Processing is carried out every two weeks. The last procedure is carried out about a month before the harvest of garlic.
Viral diseases
Viral diseases include yellow dwarfism and mosaic.
yellow dwarfism
The virus is in the bulbs, does not spread through the ground. The incubation period lasts for one to two weeks.
Symptoms of the disease:
- leaves are covered with yellow stripes;
- feathers are deformed and elasticity is lost;
- the plant lags behind in development;
- bulbs become small.
Infected garlic is removed and burned. Then, processing is carried out using EM preparations and top dressing is applied in a timely manner.
Mosaic
The mosaic virus is carried by a tick. Cells can survive in plant debris, soil, and harvested crops.
Yellowish spots form on the leaves. Over time, the leaves lose elasticity, and they are deformed.
For treatment, "Karbofos" is used (50 g of the substance / 10 l of water). Affected garlic is removed from the ground and burned.
Garlic, like other crops, is affected by many diseases. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to properly prepare seeds and soil for planting. Strict observance of agrotechnical actions will help to get rid of problems.
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