Some citizens do not even imagine what human engineering genius is capable of, especially in conditions when life circumstances release in the direction of the fifth point of the famous "fried cock." A striking example of the triumph of the human mind and resourcefulness is the technology of installing bridge supports right in the middle of a reservoir. How is it done?
So, how to put up supports for a future bridge without building dams and draining a whole section of a river or lake? The first step is to conduct a geodetic study and find the most convenient place for the construction of the bridge. It will not necessarily be the narrowest section. Often this is a place where you can reduce the width of the river with the help of artificial embankments. In some cases, in some places, the riverbed can be deepened with the help of dredgers.
After that, artificial shallows are created by the method of backfilling the soil. Less often, islands are immediately made. However, there are times when the supports need to be placed directly into the river soil without any additional embankments. To do this, one has to resort either to the help of the change in the riverbed already mentioned at the very beginning, or to knock down piles right in the water with the help of special equipment installed on the ferry.
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To do this, a waterproof frame is first assembled at the installation site of the bridge supports, which separates the work site from the "big water". To do this, tongue-and-groove Larsen sheets are used. As soon as the section of the reservoir is separated and isolated, the structure is further strengthened by driving in temporary piles along the contour. Once this is done, all water will be pumped out of the waterproof frame. The drained square will first be poured with concrete, and then reinforced concrete supports will be mounted on it. When everything is ready, the Larsen sheets and temporary piles are simply dismantled.
There is also a similar method with local drainage of a reservoir without changing the course - installing a closed caisson. People have been using this method to build bridges for more than a century. The general principle is the same as that of the method described above, however, the technology for implementing the method is completely different. In fact, an air dome is installed in the reservoir, which allows people to work underwater as at a regular construction site. Communication with the surface from a closed caisson is carried out strictly through a system of locks due to the difference in air pressure.
Continue reading on how to China is building a 127-kilometer underwater tunnel: where is it pulled and why is it needed.
Source: https://novate.ru/blogs/170322/62444/