You are planning to grow on his land a juicy soft corn? Before we get down to business, we recommend that you carefully examine the features of this culture. If you pick the right variety, and will follow all the rules, the harvest is sure to make you happy. It is worth noting the warmer region, the fewer problems you should arise. Do not worry, in the Moscow region and other regions with the same climate as a chance to collect a decent crop. The final result depends not only on compliance with the rules of agricultural technology, but also on whether the delight summer warm days.
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Corn benefit and harm
In maize there are a lot of useful properties. In its composition there are vitamins B, E, calcium, phosphorus, iodine. Cereals improves bowel characterized choleretic properties, accelerates metabolism. There are a number of deficiencies in maize. From its use should be discontinued at the time of exacerbations of gastrointestinal diseases. Contraindications include as thrombosis, thrombophlebitis. If you managed to grow a bountiful harvest, do not rush this lean cereal. Learn all contraindications. If they are not, feel free to use it for food.
The best varieties of maize
Matter what grade you prefer will depend on sowing time. Today, garden centers offer a wide range of varieties of maize. To avoid mistakes, it is necessary to purchase a certified planting material. If you are new to this business, you can stop the choice on the recognized varieties. In this case, no harm will be guided by the experience of gardeners. According to them, in the middle zone of the excellent harvest can be expected from the following varieties:
- Jubilee;
- Dobrynia;
- Gourmand;
- Ice nectar;
- Pioneer;
- Early gold;
- Sundance;
- Syngenta;
- Spirit.
Important!The shorter summer in your area, especially early maturing varieties to choose.
Growing corn in the open field
Growing of cereals - a simple process, because it has the unpretentious character. But in any case you will have to provide her with appropriate care. If you ignore it, the cob will not be formed or the shoots did not appear.
Thereafter plant corn
When it comes to the cultivation of forage varieties in the fields, the culture put in place previously occupied by legumes and cereals. Millet is not recommended as a precursor, since these crops are common pests. At their summer cottage cereals are not grown to such an extent, so corn could replace legumes, melons, potatoes, tomatoes. You can go the other way and to sow corn in open ground along the plot. In this case, it stems will serve as a hedge. If combine traditional varieties with decorative, plant may decorate beds.
Planting corn seeds in open ground
Sow maize in the open ground is permissible only in those regions where the warm season lasts at least 4 months. Preparing the soil for planting need to be addressed in advance. It is best to carry out training in the autumn. During loosening it is necessary to make fertilizer in the form of phosphorus and potassium.
Important! Sown grain is acceptable when the earth warmed to 12 ° C.
The spring prior to planting earth dug to a depth of 10 cm and making nitrogenous fertilizer in it (20-30 g per 1 square meter). Seed preparation takes 7 days before sowing. At first they warm up (4-5 days), and then for 2-3 days is filled with warm water.
If you are not aware of what the distance should be between crops and at what depth they need to pledge, you can be guided by a single scheme:
- Seed depth 7 cm of bedding;
- distance between the plants in a row of 40 cm;
- the interval between the rows of crops to 60 cm.
If corn is grown in the field, between the landings can not withstand a long distance. In this case, the plant begins to experience a lack of light, which adversely affects the yield.
Important! If you intend to carry out the sowing of maize along the plot, but you have doubts about the fact that not all germinate the seeds and in the hedge will be gaps, placed in the wells 3 pieces. As soon as the seedlings, planting thinned, leaving the strongest sprout.
Cultivation of maize seedlings
If the regions have the risk of night frosts in the spring to hold the sowing of maize in the open ground is risky. This also applies to regions with short summers. Sow corn is recommended at the beginning of May. It is best to spread seeds in peat pots. Engaged in preparation of planting material need in a familiar way. Primer for seedlings composition includes 2 pieces of decomposed manure, 1 part of sand and peat. In 10 L of a 1 glass leaves ash. Each pot should be placed on 2-3 seed. Immature seedlings will need to be removed.
In mid-June, the young seedlings can be transferred to the beds. These terms are relevant to central Russia. As for the northern regions, in this case it is necessary to take into account the weather conditions. The air temperature must be less than + 7 ° C, otherwise the culture dies. The landing period on each of the bushes must have at 3 strong sheet. Then it must be watered and covered with a layer of mulch.
Caring for corn
Cobs are succulent, if the culture to provide appropriate care. In addition to fertilizer application, it is also necessary to carry out tillage, moisten the soil and remove stepsons. We are talking about the side shoots that appear on the stalk in July and pull out of the bushes all the nutrients. As soon as the length of the laterals will be 15-20 cm, they must be immediately addressed by the breaking of any cutting.
Pay due attention to loosening is necessary in the early summer, when the corn is not as fast growing and has difficulties with the absorption of nutrients. Should be monitored to ensure that the roots did not cover, and the plant does not suffer from the lack of light due to weeds. The process of removing the latter can be either manually or by means of a chopper. If you use such a device, you need to act carefully so as not to damage the roots.
Corn yields a good harvest, even if it landed in the steppes and lack of moisture. However, check the culture of resistance to such conditions should not be, so watering should be carried out regularly. This procedure is necessary to pay attention at least once a week. At the time of formation and development of corn cobs have watered more often.
If she has blossomed in wet weather is likely to be insufficient pollination. In this case, allowed to interfere in this process. For this purpose, the upper parts of the stems need to disrupt the male inflorescences and shake them over the cobs.
The feed corn
No matter which method of cultivation will be selected, in any case, you need to feed the plant after appearing on stems 6 strong sheets.
As suitable feeding infused solution mullein 5% or 10% solution of chicken manure. Fertilize the soil after watering is recommended, otherwise there is a risk to burn the plant. A few weeks after fertilization should nourish the soil mineral fertilizers. To do this in the region between the rows need to make 20 g of potassium sulfate, superphosphate.
C 1 to July 15 can be accomplished foliar fertilizer. To this end, suitable fertilizer as part of which the nitrogen is present. Good effect gives the urea solution (50 g in 10 liters water). Can be carried out by spraying in the morning or evening hours. To leaves no paled, the composition can be supplemented with 30 g magnesium sulfate.
Diseases and pests of maize
The attack of pests and various diseases affected by almost all cereals, particularly maize. Destroy the crop can Fusarium, Helminthosporium stalks, cobs and leaves of root rot, loose smut. Such ailments - a consequence of the use of seeds that have failed decontamination process. To prevent the disease need to purchase ready-made planting material either alone etch it with a fungicide.
As for pests, the corn can attack wireworms, lozhnoprovolochniki, shovels and so on. Preventive measures are reduced to comply with crop rotation, timely weeding between rows, elimination of crop residues. If pests have obseli plant, to fight with them you need to use effective means.
Cleaning and storage of corn
Corn harvest for the winter can be a variety of ways. That is what affects the timing of the harvest. When it comes to the blanks in the form of preservation, it is necessary to select young and juicy cobs drying appropriate ones that have matured to the end. You can freeze and those, and others.
Maize has two stages of maturity. About Breast indicate grains of white-yellow color, while, when the leaves are still green. For biological ripeness characteristic yellow corn, dried leaves and brownish hairs on the cob.
Storage of corn for industrial purposes is carried out in piles. As for storage in the home, it is recommended to freeze. shelf life of ripe corn in the refrigerator - not longer than two weeks. Excessive moisture can lead to rot, so the ears should be periodically ventilate.
Now that you know all the details of the cultivation of maize. Generous you harvest!
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