Excess water in the area - not less of a problem than the lack of it. Excessive moisture leads to the destruction of buildings, destruction of plants, leaching of nutrients from the soil. To the area it was possible to live and work normally, it is necessary to solve the problem as soon as possible. Help device elaborate drainage system. Sounds complicated and intimidating, but in practice is implemented on their own without additional capacity in the form of professional designers and builders. This means real savings, therefore, would be useful to spend some time studying the following materials, then to quickly and easily cope with the work.
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Why do I need drainage
People living in the middle lane, where summer droughts - a phenomenon familiar, sometimes strange to hear about the drainage required. But practice shows that the installation of drainage needs a lot of areas. How do you know whether you need it?
Conduct a simple experiment. Take a shovel and dig a hole depth of about half a meter. Leave it alone for a day, then take a look inside. If there is water in the pit - read on and get ready for a drainage installation.
There is a more obvious warning signs of excess moisture. After a rain puddle in your garden for a long time does not dry out, melt water in the spring do not want to go away and to release space for garden work. Note weeds appearing in the beds. If among them often glimpsed sedge - is an alarming signal. Finally, drain almost one hundred percent of the time is required for clay soils.
A number of indications to install it continued:
- location or area on the slope in the hollow;
- groundwater close to the surface;
- falls are frequent and heavy rainfall.
Sites that satisfy these conditions, a lot. If your one of them, it's time to arm themselves with knowledge, tools and get to work. Drainage will receive a steady rich harvest, protect the beds and paths from erosion, retain in safe buildings. Reason enough to go along with its necessity.
Kinds of systems: superficial and deep drainage portion
The first step before starting work - selection of the drainage system. There are two types, each with its own purpose.
Surface drainage is a system of ditches, trenches, whose task - allocating water falling on the section in the form of precipitation. The liquid enters the special septic tanks or evaporates directly from the pits - it depends on the selected system.
Deep drainage more difficult. This is a closed type, involving more serious excavation. It is selected when:
- relief portion is uneven, with significant differences of heights;
- groundwater lie close to the surface;
- clay soil;
- surface drainage can not cope with the task.
Deep drainage - The safe house and outbuildings, fences.
Important! on the organization of deep drainage work is carried out prior to the planting plants. Ideally, its installation should take care at the stage of laying the foundation of buildings.
Preparatory work
Creation of engineering construction requires a serious approach. Drainage system involves a complex web of pipes and ditches, distributed throughout the site. To place all the elements properly and link in a single working network, it is necessary to start with the elaboration of a detailed plan. Heed all elevation, water currents, mark on the project existing or planned buildings, the beds comfortable and t. N. On this basis, raschertite seat piping, trenches, wells.
Detailed scheme does not only facilitate the carrying out of works in reality. Based on it, it is easy to calculate how much and what kind of materials required. Do not forget about the tools. A sample list:
- Perforated pipe (preferred diameter of about 10 cm) and connecting members (fittings, couplings);
- wells for drainage;
- geotextile;
- sand and gravel;
- rake, hacksaw, level, tools for tamping, spade;
- wheelbarrow.
The apparatus of surface drainage system
Surface drainage is simple, any errors are corrected quickly. First stage:
- a trench depth of about one and a half meters and a width of half dug around the perimeter. Do not forget that the water flowing through it, so must be the slope of 30 degrees in the direction that is supposed to direct the flow;
- auxiliary trenches are distributed throughout the area under the same bias;
- Arrange drainage well and bring to it all the trenches.
Helpful! See if the system works, it is possible on the basis of the experiment. Fill it with water and make sure it flows. Where it is necessary.
The next step - drainage. Here you can take advantage of special trays or choose the filling option.
In the first case, the algorithm works as follows:
- bottom of the trench is filled with a layer of sand desyatisantimetrovyh carefully compacted;
- trays are placed on the site;
- set sand trap;
- mounted decorative grilles. Target elements in the protection drains from various debris. In addition, they give the trenches more aesthetic appearance.
Actions for the organization backfill drainage:
- Shots bottom geotextile grooves;
- pour the mixture was coarse and fine gravel (ratio 2: 1);
- lay turf layer.
Deep drainage in clay soils and other difficult terrain
If the plan worked, and the materials are prepared, you can begin to work:
- Spend a trench with a 30-degree slope. The depth depends on the type of soil: sand demand meters, loam and clay 60 and 80 centimeters, respectively;
- pour desyatisantimetrovyh trench bottom layer of sand;
- Lay geotextile. Please note - the trench must be vystelit all, to the brim;
- pour 20 - 30 cm of gravel;
- gently place the tube (punching down!). Make sure that everything is done correctly;
- pour pipe with gravel and muffle the free edges of the geotextile. The design should remind all of your favorite rolls. Geotextiles and rubble need to protect pipes from silting, wherein the material does not interfere with the flow of water;
- at the lowest point or sump portion set ready reservoir of plastic. Connect the pipe with him. From the well water will be discharged into the nearest body of water, storm sewers;
- fill up the trench fertile soil, wait shrinkage and re-fill. Place on top of the turf - the system will be invisible, and the access to it will continue.
solution of the problem on the device drainage system easy. It is important to careful planning and calculations, then an excellent result will not take long.
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