Shedding a small amount of the ovaries in fruit trees after flowering or at the end of the season - a natural phenomenon. But why are the fruits begin to fall off at the wrong time? The first problem may be due to lack of moisture. In the heat of the tree is trying to throw off the "extra weight". It is worth noting that the shedding of the ovaries weak there is nothing wrong, on the contrary, the fruits grow larger. When it comes to losing leaves, in this case it is necessary to sound the alarm, because there is a risk at all to stay without a crop. For example, for the ripening of the apple on the tree should be numbered about 30-50 leaves.
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Abundant watering during dry days of a tree will help him survive the unfavorable period and save the harvest. Need for irrigation use warm water. If you ignore this recommendation, the trees begin to actively reset the ovary. Watering is best done in the evening time.
Pear and apple taken watered spring, 2-3 weeks after flowering (per plant takes about 150 liters), and then for 2-3 weeks before harvest. In the latter case, you need the same amount of water as the spring.
Watering stone fruits (cherry plum, plum, cherry, etc.) Is carried out once every 30 days. For one, the tree should be taken 8-10 buckets of water. Abscission of ovaries may also be a consequence of the activities of malicious insects. Deficiency of valuable substances and various diseases considered as causes of such phenomena. Let's look at these factors in more detail.
Why fall off the fruits of plum and cherry plum?
This phenomenon is mainly provoked three reasons.
Cause 1. Plants attacked by insect pests: yellow plum borer, oriental moth or tolstonozhka. Species sawfly sneaks inside the ovary and eats a bone, and then eats the flesh. Pears and apples can not withstand such invasions and start to crumble. Codling doing the moves in the fragile shoots which causes wilting stems and fruit shedding. This pest is not averse to eat fruits and themselves. Tolstonozhka exactly how sawfly, likes to eat a pear or an apple core.
Control measures. To destroy the sawfly is necessary to spray fungicides before the tree will bloom. Effective in this regard, "Fufanon", "Novaktion". Moth can exterminate by treatment with brine (10 liters of water 0.5 kg of sodium chloride). Spray the plant is allowed after completion of flowering and in the future after the crop is harvested. 1 adult tree will need 7 liters of composition, for young enough 1.5-2 liters. Tolstonozhkoy cope with the power of such insecticides as "Dantop", "B-58", "Calypso".
By spraying can begin immediately after flowering. After 10-12 days these manipulations need to be repeated. The fruit, which fell off due to injury, should be collected and buried deep in the ground. Thus, insects can not get out.
CAUSE 2. Plum and plum struck monoliozom (fruit rot) or red blotch (polistigmoz).
Monolioz can recognize by the following features: twigs and branches become brown, wither on the bark of visible tumors which resemble burns. On fruits formed gray plaque, they begin to rot and fall off.
The symptoms of such diseases as polistigmoz include: spots on leaves (first yellow, then red), the dropping of leaves and fruits.
Treatment and prevention. Patients shoots, as well as branches and fruits to be destroyed. Between bud effective treatment with 3% Bordeaux liquid. Before the tree should bloom, treatment should be repeated, but this time the solution should be 1%. After flowering, the procedure is repeated.
REASON 3. The tree is not dopoluchaet nutrients. So that the plant does not exempt himself from "excessive burden" to prevent fertilization shows the following fertilizers:
- Before flowering under it is necessary to add a solution of potassium sulfate and urea. 10 liters of water need at 2 tbsp. l. substances. 3 Flow Chart 1 to buckets.
- During loading of the fruit trees should be based on the make-up solution nitrophosphate (3 tbsp. l.) and urea (2 tbsp. l.). Dilute them into 10 liters of water. On 1 tree leaves 2 buckets composition.
- After harvesting is necessary to make the mixture of superphosphate (3 tbsp. l.), potassium sulfate 2 tbsp. l.). The amount of water - 10 liters. On each tree will take 30 liters of composition.
Why fall off the fruits of apple and pear?
In this case, consider the following reasons.
Cause 1. Trees been invaded by pests as codling moth and pear. These insects do not differ from each other. The only difference is that the moth caterpillar burrows into the fruit devours the contents of the core, in the end, they dry up and fall off earlier deadline. One individual for the entire life cycle can damage the fruit 2-5.
Treatment and prevention. Insecticides have early spring spray the plant with insecticide (dimethoate, Iskra M Bean). Twice a year (spring and autumn) you need to clean the bottom of the barrel portion of the cortex. Thus it is able to eliminate the insects that settled there for the winter. Fallen damaged ovaries have immediately collected and disposed of. Fight against insects help Stalker Belt. Do not give moth live in the area under the force of tomatoes. To protect plants from pests can be placed far away from the bed of this culture.
REASON 2. Wood faced with this disease as moniliosis. If apple or pear fruit rot struck, it will indicate the spot on the fruit, which soon will find a brown hue. Then their place will be visible circles with spores of the fungus. Soon there is fetal mummification and subsidence.
Treatment and prevention. Help prevent disease spraying 3% Bordeaux liquid or mixture Horus. Such actions must be carried out in early spring. A couple of days before flowering plant must be sprayed with a 1% solution Bordeaux fluid or 1% solution of colloidal sulfur. As soon as the crop is harvested, required processing solution of copper sulfate. For the preparation of the composition should be diluted in 10 liters of water 100 g of material (flow rate: 2 liters per 1 tree).
REASON 3. Tree essential nutrients. Rectify the situation can be achieved by feeding to be carried out in 4 stages:
- In late April and early need to cover the soil around the tree urea (3 tbsp. 1 plant).
- During flowering time of infusion feed poultry manure (1 bucket) or humus (2 buckets), 5 Art. l. superphosphate, 3 tbsp. potassium sulfate. Put the ingredients in the barrel volume 200 l), add water and stir. Infuse for 7 days. 1 adult tree will take 40-50 liters of the composition, 1 young 10 liters.
- At the initial stage of ripening of apples and pears plant will feed liquid from dry sodium humate (20 g) nitrophosphate (5 st.), 200 l of water. Under every tree to make 3 buckets of fertilizer.
- When the crop is harvested in the tree trunks need to sprinkle 1 tbsp. potassium sulfate and 1.5 v. superphosphate and pour over the ground.
Every 3-4 years for fruit trees is recommended to apply for 5 buckets of compost. Note that such varieties of apple as Antonivka, Idared, Dzhonared can fold ovary without obvious causes. Typically, this is caused by a deficiency of natural auxin. They begin to change shape, look deformed with one hand. To solve the problem it is necessary to spray the crown growth stimulants. You can use the drug "Geteroauksin" (50 mg in 10 liters of water).
Why fall off the fruits of cherries?
Dropping fruit can be triggered by various causes.
REASON 1. Plants attacked by pests. We are talking about a fly cherry and cherry weevil. The larva of the first absorbing pulp. One adult individual, laying eggs, can cause damage to more than one hundred berries. When spring comes, the weevil chews the leaves of trees, and then adopted for the fruit. He eats all flesh, lays larvae that damage the fetal heart.
Control measures. Destroy these vicious insects afford insecticide "Spark", "Karate", "Lightning." The first treatment should be done at the beginning of the appearance of insects, the second after 2 weeks.
For spraying, you can use non-chemical means. It is effective in this regard, the infusion of chamomile (5 Art. l.), soap (half piece). Pour components 10 liters of hot water and infuse for 24 hours.
Near cherries can plant a tree-pollinator. Place it must be at a distance of 25-35 m maxim.
CAUSE 2. Abscission of fruits often entail diseases such as cherry leaf spot (reddish-brown spotting) and moniliosis (fruit rot).
If the plant was struck cherry leaf spot, on the upper side of the leaves you can find small spots of red. Soon they begin to turn yellow, and the fruit becomes watery. After some time, fall berries. Moniliosis these fruit trees can be recognized by the following features: the leaves and shoots wither, the fruit rot and fall off.
Treatment and prevention. To combat the cherry leaf spot can use 1% solution of liquid Bordeaux or copper oxychloride (30 g in 10 liters water). To start treatment is necessary after the flowering period and harvest. Bordeaux fluid solution (1%) would be cured by moniliosis plant. In this case, the spraying may be carried out before and after flowering. It is also possible fungicide.
REASON 3. Nutritional deficiencies often results in such a phenomenon. To the ovary does not crumble, cherries should be fed at certain periods. Make fertilizer needed for the first 14-20 days after flowering. After 10 days after flowering is complete, it is necessary to process the urea solution crown (1 tbsp. l. 10 liters of water). Identical procedure should be carried out in 10-15 days.
We gave you the full amount of information on how to save the harvest of fruit trees. If you ignore these recommendations, you will be able to not face the above-mentioned problems.
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