I think for many it is no secret that connect copper and aluminum wire is a simple twist between them is strictly prohibited. Over time, the place lay inevitably oxidized, contact in this place will be poor and the wiring in this place weld. It is in the best case. At worst, it may cause inflammation of the wiring and wire breakage. As a result - will not contact, smoke, fire... The photo below is a real example of burning where the wires connect.
Therefore, you need to connect the wires so that there were no direct contact between them. There are many ways, but I will discuss the 3 main and most common.
1. Connection bolt copper and aluminum wires.
This method is the most common because of its availability. Take the M4 bolt - M6 (whichever section of the wire), and three metal nut (not galvanized) washers.
At the ends of the two wires do rings. This can be done pliers or simply wrapping the wire around the screw. On bolt dress one washer, washer further dress ring one wire, then the puck again, after which ring the other wire on top dress the third goal and the whole "sandwich" firmly tighten washer. Flare can put a spring washer to protect against loosening nuts.
Place tie well isolate. With this method it is obtained between the copper wire and an aluminum gasket present in the form of a washer and a direct contact between the conductors are not present. The only disadvantage of such a compound is cumbersome.
2. Compound by a bolt terminal block
Another common type of wire connection is the connection terminal block via a bolt. It is inexpensive, ranging 25 - 40 rubles. Is a plastic terminal block inside which is located a brass tube with two bolts.
On both sides of the tube and infest both wires and firmly tighten the screws. Just keep in mind that in the tube without partitions, so crank the wires so that there was no contact between them.
This method also has several drawbacks: it is weakening over time, tighten the screws, as well as the difficulty of clamping stranded wire. In this case, the core wire is crimped terminal tip or obluzhivaetsya tin.
3. Connect wire terminals WAGO.
In this manner, it is nowadays almost all electricians. In recent years, and I, in particular, use only them. They are very convenient and easy to operate. Turn down the levers, insert the wire until it stops and drop the levers back. Inside the terminal block wires securely crimped plate.
The Clem WAGO the wires are placed in separate chambers, so together do not touch. In each chamber there is a dielectric gel which protects the wiring from oxidation and moisture.
The only drawback are data Clem - Price (25-40 rubles. a piece) And their single use. Just experienced electricians are not advised to use WAGO clam terminals at high loads. In such cases, it is better to use bolting wire.
All these methods have both advantages and disadvantages. But they definitely help you avoid disastrous consequences after direct stranding copper and aluminum conductors.
My advice to you: if possible, replace the entire aluminum wires for similar copper. This will increase the throughput capacity of the wiring, and safety in the operation of electrical wiring in your home or apartment.
I hope that my article was useful for you! 👍