Anyone who has studied science in high school, had heard of the term "law of conservation of energy." In fact, he tells you that energy can not be created or destroyed; it can only be transferred from one form to another.
This definition fits so well into our daily lives, when you see things through the same lens. Let's look at your car with a gasoline engine, for example.
Chemical energy from the combustion of gasoline is converted into thermal energy which is then converted into mechanical energy.
Take the case where a stone falls from a height, the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy.
The same definition applies to weight, since the mass can be neither created nor destroyed, it can only be converted from one form to another. This law is known as the law of conservation of mass.
Einstein came up with these two laws and gave us the famous law of conservation of mass-energy, which has been arranged a symbolic equation - E = mc2 (energy equivalent weight).
But can we say for sure that the energy conservation law is absolute? What if the energy can be created?
Let's look at 3 most popular argument against the law of conservation of energy. And try to refute them.
The universe is expanding very quickly!
If the energy can not be created, that feeds the expansion of the universe? Expanding universe at a high speed, and researchers have found an approximate value 68 kilometers per second per Mpc.
To say in simple words, the universe is expanding faster than the speed of light.
And the magnificent aspect of this expansion is that it is accelerating. Since the universe is expanding faster with each second than a second before!
Researchers call the energy behind this expansion, "dark energy." But where did this dark energy? She was already there?
Some researchers argue that the expanding universe powered gravitational potential energy within it. With the expansion of the universe galaxies farther and farther away from each other.
This reduces the gravitational energy between them. This gravitational energy is used for the expansion of the universe.
Moreover, with the expansion of the universe is getting colder and colder. New stars are not as hot as their predecessors, and we are seeing this trend throughout the cosmos.
So, yes, when we look at the universe as a closed system, it obeys the law of conservation of energy.
Quantum physics and the law of conservation of energy
Einstein and quantum physics were very bad attitude, as many of the principles of physics, which, as we know, are working in the real world do not behave the same way in the quantum world.
When electrons are excited, they can jump to higher levels. Niels Bohr, Hans Kramers and John Slater suggestedThese electrons are momentarily broke the law of conservation of energy.
They said that with each jump or energy is created or destroyed by electrons during the entire process. However, this again was excluded because the total energy of the electron before and after the initiation remained unchanged.
In fact, the law of conservation of energy in the process does not violate.
The cosmological constant
The third theme is not similar to the one that we discussed above. In previous cases, the conservation of energy was considered inapplicable, but it turned out to be erroneous.
However, when we discuss cosmological constantIt is not clear it.
We discussed how the universe is expanding at an accelerated and how dark energy is considered to be the fuel to expand.
However, if we know what dark energy is and how it appeared?
Well, scientists have decided to find the value of the dark energy in two ways. The first method was to calculate it through the equation, and the second method - a direct measurement of the value.
And when the two values were submitted for evaluation, it shocked everyone. The value that can be calculated using the physical equations, was on 120 orders of magnitude greaterThan the measured value.
This is not a small difference, and described it as "the worst theoretical prediction in the history of physics." The measured value was termed the cosmological constant.
However, the actual value of the cosmological constant and is discussed now because of the measurement method used.
Thus, this is a huge discrepancy prompted scientists to think about the reason for this difference. And the result is that they have drawn is that somewhere, millions or billions of years ago, energy conservation law has been violated.
This is a very risky remark because of the correctness of the Law of Conservation of Energy.
Researchers believe that at some point in history, the energy was either created or destroyed, not respecting the principle of conservation of energy. This may be the reason that such a shift in the value observed using the two calculation methods.
Nevertheless it to prove this hypothesis, to date, no relevant data.
So, for now, from the point of view of science, conservation law of energy still remains incontrovertible, despite some very serious claims to it.